水泵水轮机的"S"形特性及对机组性能的影响

针对水轮机全特性图上的“S”形特性,从理论上分析了其产生的原因及对抽水蓄能电站运行的影响,并结合实际剖析了“S”形特性对抽水蓄能电站日常运行的影响和常用的解决方法。     

Physicochemical and Bioactive Compounds of ‘Cantaloupe’ Melon: Effect of Ozone Processing on Pulp and Seeds

Melon seeds are an important source of bioactive compounds, which are considered to be health beneficial. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the impact of gaseous ozone treatments (30 and 60 min) on melon seeds paste (nonedible part) and compare with the effect on pulp (edible part). Ozone treatments were evaluated in terms of physicochemical (color, pH, and soluble solids content) and nutritional profiles (total phenolics, total carotenoids, and total antioxidant capacity) of processed material. Results indicate that ozone has a different impact on the two fruit matrices, being seeds less affected by this preservation treatment.     

未脱墨废人民币纸浆配抄瓦楞原纸

为增加造纸工业的纤维原料来源并充分利用废人民币纸,本文对未脱墨废人民币纸浆配抄瓦楞原纸进行了初步的研究。采用5%氢氧化钠和硫酸溶液对废人民币纸进行化学预处理,再经PFI磨机械疏解后得到未脱墨的废人民币纸浆。采用纤维形态分析仪对未脱墨废人民币纸浆的纤维长度、宽度及其分布进行了分析检测。通过在废新闻纸浆中配加不同比例的未脱墨废人民币纸浆考查瓦楞原纸的质量指标,并对不同的纸浆配比进行分析。结果表明,废人民币纸浆的纤维长度在机械疏解过程中损失较多,只相当于草类原料化学浆的纤维长度。抄造定量为120 g/m2的瓦楞原纸,当废人民币纸浆配比增加时,瓦楞原纸的裂断长和环压指数均下降,废人民币纸浆的配抄比例控制在40%左右时,可以满足D级瓦楞原纸对裂断长和环压指数的要求。虽然废人民币纸浆的成纸强度较低而导致瓦楞原纸的强度指标下降,然而由于其原料价格较低,有利于降低瓦楞原纸的生产成本。     

冰箱压缩机的计算机辅助测试

冰箱压缩机气流压力脉动、振动对压缩机的性能影响很大,为此研制了冰箱压缩机气流压力脉动及振动的计算机辅助测试系统,成功地对冰箱压缩机的气流压力脉动和振动进行了测试分析,该系统具有广泛的应用前景.     

Comparison of Dye Behavior from Aspen HYP: Dyes Added in the HYP Manufacturing Process Versus Dyes Added at the Papermaking Wet End

Abstract

The yellowish color of High Yield Pulp (HYP) gives some psychological obstacles and limits its application in some paper grades. Dyes are widely used in the papermaking process to shade the yellowish color of the paper products. We proposed to add dyes into the HYP manufacturing process to minimize the yellowish hue. In this work, we substituted the dye-added HYP (dyes added in the HYP manufacturing process) for hardwood kraft pulp in the production of fine paper grades, and compared the results from those by adding dyes into the papermaking wet end. A higher dye effectiveness was obtained when we used the dye-added HYP. Also, the dye-added HYP gave more effective performance of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) fillers and Optical Brightening Agents (OBA) in terms of CIE whiteness and b*. In addition, the dye-added HYP showed less negative effect on brightness and better compatibility with other dyes. The underlying mechanism for the above experimental observation was proposed.     

Wood Pulp Fiber Wrapped by Fish-Scale Graphene as Flexible and Free-Standing Supercapacitor Electrode

Poplar wood pulp was adopted as both frame and precursor for the synthesis of pulp fiber (PF)/reduced graphene oxide composite via a simple and low-cost method. In this method, the PF based on graphene (PFG) composite film electrode was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration process with various ratios (PF: reduced graphene oxide (RGO)?=?5:1, PF:RGO?=?5:2, PF:RGO?=?5:3, PF:RGO?=?5:4, PF:RGO?=?5:5). In terms of special structures, the PFG can be used as electrodes without metal-collector, adhesives, and additives. The optimal ratio (PF:RGO?=?5:4) film electrode displayed a high areal-specific capacitance of 683 mF/cm² at 1?mA/cm² with a mass of 5.3?mg/cm² (specific capacitance of 129?F/g) and good cycling stability (87.5% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5?mA/cm²) as well as excellent rate capability and high flexibility (suitable for any angle, even 180°). Moreover, the device could possess a maximum energy density of 47.71?μWh/cm² and a maximum power density of 1251?μW/cm². These results suggest that the composite PGF film is a promising electrode material.     

A Vacuum Drying Model for Mango Pulp

Abstract

Vacuum drying of mango pulp at varying conditions of pulp thickness (2, 3, and 4 mm) and vacuum chamber plate temperature (65, 70, and 75°C) was carried out under 30–50 mm of mercury absolute pressure. A model based on moisture diffusivity was found to give close prediction to moisture content of the pulp at different times of drying with correlation coefficient varying between 0.98–0.99 for pure mango pulp and pulp with ingredients. Color change of reconstituted pulp made from mango powder was found to depend more on pulp thickness than plate temperature. For getting low color change vacuum drying should be carried at maximum pulp thickness of 2.6 mm and vacuum chamber plate temperature of 72.3°C.     

Optimising the dewatering behaviour of clay tailings through interfacial chemistry, orthokinetic flocculation and controlled shear

The effect of shear on dewatering behaviour and particle interactions of Na-exchanged smectite and kaolinite clay dispersions has been investigated at pH 7.5, using hydrolysable Ca(II) and Mn(II) ions as coagulants and high molecular weight anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAM A and PAM N, respectively) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) flocculants. Metal ion addition enhanced the flocculation performance by dramatically reducing the magnitude of the particle zeta potential and, in the case of smectite pulp, suppressing osmotic swelling. Under optimum orthokinetic flocculation conditions of controlled agitation rate and duration, PAM A and PEO-based flocs settled faster than those of PAM N whilst kaolinite pulps produced higher sedimentation rates than smectite pulps. The settling rates are nearly an order of magnitude greater than those observed under standard flocculant-pulp mixing/flocculation methods of inversion and plunging. The difference in the flocculant behaviour is attributed to the more expanded conformation of PAM A and PEO polymer chains in contrast to PAM N, whilst the lower yield stresses, reflecting inter-particle bridging and floc network structure strength that are conducive to faster clarification, were displayed by kaolinite pulps. Following shear, similar consolidation enhancement of ≈ 5-7 wt.% solid for both pulps was achieved at an optimum agitation range of 100-200 rpm. This was accompanied by decreased yield stress in the case of PAM A-based pulps, indicating non-reversible disruption of polymer mediated particle and floc network structure. In contrast, the yield stresses of PAM N and PEO flocculated dispersions indicated similar and stronger particle interactions, respectively, upon consolidation following shear. The findings show clear links between effect of shear, interfacial chemistry and polymer structure on pulp particle interactions and dewaterability.     

动态流量平衡阀结构优化与验证

针对动态流量平衡阀流量控制精度较低问题,依据孔板流量和同心环状缝隙流方程,初步设计阀芯开孔型线,提出压差补偿系数因子修正法对现有的型线公式进行了优化修正,基于大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型,数值模拟研究了优化前后动态流量平衡阀的流量控制精度和流量精度误差,对比分析阀芯开孔型线对阀内压力脉动强度的影响规律,并搭建流量测试试验...     

紊流脉动对生物膜理化性质的影响

在实际紊流中同时存在时均流速和脉动流速,为仅研究紊流脉动流速对生物膜理化性质的影响,设计时均流速为零、仅存在脉动流速的振动格栅生物膜反应器;采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术测定反应器在5个格栅振动频率下的二维紊流流速场,并计算载片处的有效紊流强度;针对不同的紊流脉动速度,对振动格栅反应器中生物膜的生物量、厚度、密度和其胞外聚合物(EPS)的组成成分进行测定与分析。结果表明:改变紊流脉动流速会使生物膜的理化性质发生变化,随着紊流脉动流速的增大,生物膜生物量和厚度先增加后减小,且均在有效紊流强度为1.92 cm/s时达到最大值;生物膜密度和EPS中蛋白质、多糖的质量分数却随紊流脉动流速的增大而增大,且蛋白质和多糖在紧密结合型EPS(TB-EPS)中的质量分数多于在松散结合型EPS(LB-EPS)中,而无论在LB-EPS、TB-EPS还是总-EPS中蛋白质的质量分数均多于多糖。研究成果可为生物膜反应器的设计与运行优化提供理论参考。