台达自动化注射针刺穿力测试仪解决方案

本文主要介绍台达产品在医用注射针刺穿力试仪的应用。     

一种改进的打孔方法及其DSP实现

在信道编码中,由于无线物理信道和传输信道之间存在速率差,故需要对输入数据比特进行打孔操作。传统的打孔操作是通过查询不同的打孔表来进行,并且一种打孔方式需开辟一张表,而开辟多张表格的做法对系统的内存消耗将非常大。通过分析其打孔特点,提出一种新的打孔方法和新的打孔码表,能有效地提高计算效率并减小系统内存消耗。并对其进行了DSP工程实现,对其他模式下的打孔操作具有一定指导意义。     

Puncture of elastomer membranes by medical needles. Part II: Mechanics

Resistance to puncture by medical needles is becoming one of the most critical mechanical properties of rubber membranes, which are heavily used in protective gloves. Yet the intrinsic material parameters controlling the process of puncture by medical needles are still unknown. In a first paper presenting this two-part study, it has been shown that puncture by medical needles proceeds gradually as the needle cuts through the rubber membrane. The phenomenon of puncture by medical needles was revealed to involve contributions both from friction and fracture energy, in a similar way as for cutting. The use of a lubricant was not successful for removing the friction contribution for the determination of the material fracture energy corresponding to puncture by medical needles. This paper describes an alternative approach based on the application of a prestrain to the sample in a similar way as the work of Lake and Yeoh on cutting. A theoretical formulation for the tearing energy is derived from the theory of Rivlin and Thomas on the rupture of rubber. It is validated with a model extending expressions provided by the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) to include the non-linear stress–strain behavior displayed by rubber. For low values of the tearing energy, the total fracture energy, i.e. the sum of the puncture and tearing energies, is constant; the material fracture energy is obtained by extrapolation at zero tearing energy. This prestrain method allowed a complete removal of the friction contribution. The value obtained for the fracture energy corresponding to puncture by medical needles is found to be larger than the energy associated to cutting and smaller than that obtained for tearing. This can be related to the value of the crack tip diameter, which is, in that case, given by the needle cutting edge diameter.     

Evaluation of tomato textural mechanical properties

The texture of fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., ‘Momotaro’) at three different stage of ripeness (mature green, pink, and red) was intensively evaluated. The double-cycle load plate compression test showed that initial firmness, average firmness, energy absorption, deformation ratio, and relaxation ratio were sensitive textural parameters for identifying the maturity stages. From a puncture test, initial firmness, average firmness, apparent modulus of elasticity, rupture force, toughness, and deformation at the rupture point were sensitive to the maturity stages. The mature unripe tomato deformed linearly as a function of force; hence, the firmness was constant. However, the fully ripe tomato firmness increased as a function of applied force. The fruit strain increased during ripening, and it was independent of fruit size. The unripe tomato was more elastic than the ripe one. The peel at the mature green stage contributed approximately 70% of the firmness of the fruit and approximately 90% at the pink stage and red stage. The rupture force by the puncture test (traditionally, peak force) was correlated well with other textural parameters, which indicated that it could be used as a firmness representative parameter, as has been used by many researchers. The degree of elasticity was a better indicator for elasticity than the relaxation ratio.     

关于煤炭通信中编码调制技术的研究

随着我国经济的发展,传统的编码调制技术已经不能满足生产与生活的需要。高效的、不展宽频带的编码调制结合方案的提出,有效地解决了这个问题。笔者多年从事煤炭通信工作,对于编码调制技术进行了深入的研究。文章主要介绍了Puncture卷积码的原理,并以MLC系统为例,进行了深入说明。     

Puncture of elastomer membranes by medical needles. Part I: Mechanisms

Resistance to puncture is a critical property for several applications, in particular for elastomer materials used in protective clothing. To evaluate the puncture resistance of membranes, some methods have been proposed as standard tests. However, the rounded puncture probes used in these tests are very different from real pointed objects like medical needles, and may not measure the level of material resistance that corresponds to them. In fact, puncture by medical needles is shown to proceed gradually as the needle cuts into the membrane. This behavior is highly different from puncture by rounded probes which occurs suddenly when the strain at the probe tip reaches the failure value. In addition, maximum force values are observed to be much smaller with medical needles. A method has been developed based on the change in strain energy with the puncture depth to evaluate the fracture energy associated to puncture. The results show that the phenomenon of puncture by medical needles involves contributions both from friction and fracture energy, in a similar way as for cutting. A lubricant was tentatively used to reduce the friction contribution for the computation of the material fracture energy.     

Puncture fracture in an aluminum beverage can

Puncture can be defined as a dynamic contact between a foreign object and a container, which causes the wall of the container to fail. This failure can lead to either a leak or a rupture. In this work, a crack propagation method with multiple arbitrary crack paths in a three-dimensional shell structure is newly developed for the prediction of rupture in an aluminum beverage can. The suggested algorithm does not require global remeshing and there is no severe mesh dependency in the solution. The Enhanced Assumed Strain (EAS) method is used to improve the in-plane membrane behavior with one-point quadrature shell elements. The crack propagation is activated based on the CTOA (Crack Tip Opening Angle). The directions of the cracks are determined by the circumferential stress criterion. Mode-III (shearing mode) is also considered for the crack propagations. The predicted crack paths are in good agreement with experimental results. A fracture mechanics model to predict the critical rupture pressure is reviewed in the work. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can be successfully applied to the crack path prediction for the rupture of a pressure vessel.     

浅析电力电容器的防火防爆

分析了电力电容器着火爆炸的原因,提出了相应的措施,有效地预防了电容器着火爆炸事故的发生。     

弯束可换式锚碇锚固系统在湖南矮寨桥的应用

锚碇锚固系统是大型悬索桥主缆的承力构件,是悬索桥的生命线工程。悬索桥隧道锚中多采用弯束状的预应力钢束,与顺直管道的预应力钢束相比,锚固系统在设计上、生产上、施工上增加很大困难。本文介绍弯束可换式锚碇锚固系统在湖南矮寨特大悬索桥上的应用情况,借此总结经验,为以后相似的工程提供借鉴     

Ten year creep puncture study of HDPE geomembranes protected by needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles

The need for a geotextile to be used for protection against geomembrane puncture by stones and gravel has been recognized for many years. There are presently several methods available for selecting such geotextiles. This paper, however, focuses on the “GRI-Method”, which was originally based on short-term tests and was extended empirically for long-term performance. The reduction factor for creep behavior (RFCR) is of particular interest since its impact on the resulting geotextile design is the greatest.