Spring-Like Ammonium Salt Assisting Stress Release for Low-Temperature Deposited FAPbI3 Films Toward Flexible Photovoltaic Application

The substrates of conventional flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are thermoplastic polymer material polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), which will deform during high temperature annealing process. In addition, lead iodide (PbI₂) permanently formed and the substrate undergoes reversible deformation from 20 °C to 200 °C and back to 20 °C. Therefore, to balance the substrate supporting capacity and the crystalline quality of narrow band gap α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI₃), an annealing process of 120 °C for 30 minutes is determined. Additionally, there will also be a large number of gaps and lattice strain at the perovskite grain boundaries during the annealing process as the FAPbI₃ phase transition is accompanied by much lattice shrinkage. As a result, 1,6-hexanediammonium diiodide (HADI) is chosen to passivate the defects and release the stress of perovskite film. Therefore, a recorded 1.4% extended stretch rate of the flexible film is attained. Finally, the champion PCE of 21.14% under AM 1.5G and 31.52% under 1062 lux is achieved after HADI treatment, accompanied by a better long-term and mechanical stability. This study provides annealing process optimization and stress relief strategies for the further development of narrow band gap FPSCs.     

The influence of bile salts on the distribution of simvastatin in the octanol/buffer system

Abstract

Introduction: Distribution coefficient (D) is useful parameter for evaluating drugs permeability properties across biological membranes, which are of importance for drugs bioavailability. Given that bile acids are intensively studied as drug permeation-modifying and -solubilizing agents, the aim of this study was to estimate the influence of sodium salts of cholic (CA), deoxycholic (DCA) and 12-monoketocholic acids (MKC) on distribution coefficient of simvastatin (SV) (lactone [SVL] and acid form [SVA]) which is a highly lipophilic compound with extremely low water solubility and bioavailability.

Methods: LogD values of SVA and SVL with or without bile salts were measured by liquid–liquid extraction in n-octanol/buffer systems at pH 5 and 7.4. SV concentrations in aqueous phase were determined by HPLC-DAD. Chem3D Ultra program was applied for computation of physico-chemical properties of analyzed compounds and their complexes.

Results: Statistically significant decrease in both SVA and SVL logD was observed for all three studied bile salts at both selected pH. MKC exerted the most pronounced effect in the case of SVA while there were no statistically significant differences between observed bile salts for SVL. The calculated physico-chemical properties of analyzed compounds and their complexes supported experimental results.

Conclusions: Our data indicate that the addition of bile salts into the n-octanol/buffer system decreases the values of SV distribution coefficient at both studied pH values. This may be the result of the formation of hydrophilic complexes increasing the solubility of SV that could consequently impact the pharmacokinetic parameters of SV and the final drug response in patients.     

熔盐电解制备Zr基低价金属氧化物担载铂催化剂催化氧化甲醇和CO

通过在700℃下的CaCl_2和NaCl混合熔盐中电化学还原ZrO_2制备得到了Zr的低价金属氧化物ZrO0.35,该低价金属氧化物作为铂催化剂载体催化甲醇显示了很高的催化活性和稳定性。分析了该催化剂的组成结构和电化学行为。结果显示,在酸性介质中该载体能够有效地提高铂纳米颗粒对甲醇和CO的催化活性。有两种机制可以解释其表现:一是电子协同效应,即Zr原子的电子转移到Pt原子,Pt与CO的相互作用力减弱,从而抑制了Pt中毒;另外一方面是Pt和金属载体的协同效应,它可以有效地移除和氧化CO的中间体。     

锡盐着色膜颜色与氧化膜中Sn含量的关系

对锡盐电解着色膜的颜色深浅与氧化膜中Ｓｎ含量两者之间的关系进行了研究。此外还探讨了锡盐电解着色液中镍离子和亚铁离子在电解着色过程中所起的作用。     

奇偶间隔基短链双季铵膨润土的制备及结构表征

以六甲基丙二铵二甲硫酸盐(PDAS)和六甲基丁二铵二甲硫酸盐(BDAS)为改性剂制备奇偶间隔基短链双季铵有机膨润土,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热分析(TG)和电镜(SEM/TEM)等手段表征其结构.结果表明,PDAS和BDAS改性膨润土层间距分别为1.380 nm和1.413 nm,两种双季铵盐在层间只能以单层平卧的方式排列;有机膨润土中,PDAS是分步分解的,BDAS是一步分解,PDAS和BDAS的开始热分解温度和最大质量损失率对应温度(tpeak)相比其季铵盐固体分别提高了15,30℃和30,80℃;PDAS和BDAS有机膨润土的表面形貌有明显差异.     

低温熔盐体系中电精炼制备高纯铬

以火法冶金炼制的粗铬金属作为阳极进行电解，通过选择性的阳极溶解及阴极沉积，达到分离杂质和提纯金属的目的，选用NaBr-KBr-尿素＋Cr2（SO4）3（无水）作低温熔盐体系进行铬的电精炼，温度为65-108℃，以2．27～22．7A／dm^2电流密度进行电解，研究了电流密度和温度对金属铬电精练的阴极电流效率的影响，实验表明，在该体系中电精炼过程无析氢发生；较低的温度和适中的电流密度有利于金属铬的电精炼，通过实验确立了电精炼铬合适的电解温度为85℃，电流密度为9.09A/dm^2。     

广西北海市第四系工程地质特征

北海市区广泛分布较厚的第四纪松散沉积物,地貌上为似扇形准平原。市区由三级平合组成。本文从地质分析入手,对其第四系成因类型、形成时代以及分布特点进行分析和探讨,并据地貌、岩性及其埋藏深度等特征和工程勘察、供水勘探等资料,对北海市区进行工程地质分区,并对建筑物的适宜性进行了工程地质评价。对北海市在发展建设中将会产生的环境地质问题进行了初步探讨,提出了建议。     

Electrochemical studies on cerium(Ⅲ)in molten fluoride mixtures

This study aims to determine the principal electrochemical characteristics of the electrodeposition of cerium metal from molten fluoride systems.The cathodic process of Ce3+ ions in LiF-NaF and LiF-NaF-CaF2 molten salts was studied using electrochemical techniques as steady state and cyclic voltammetry methods.The decomposition potential(Ed) and the overvoltage(η) were determined for NaCeF4 using current-potential curves under galvanostatic conditions.The Ed was found to be 2.025 V in LiF-NaF and 2.045 V in...     

用熔盐电解法制备超细钨粉

在NaCl-KCl-Na2WO4-WO3熔体中,用熔盐电解法电解氧化钨制取细钨粉和超细钨粉。在电解温度为720℃,阴极电流密度为250mA/cm^2的条件下,得到平均等积圆直径为1．2μm、长宽比为1．6的超细钨粉。在低阴极电流密度时,阴极的电解反应为W^6 放电,在高阴极电流密度时,阴极的电解反应为Na^ 放电。研究了温度、阴极电流密度和Na2WO4的含量对电流效率的影响。     

芳基重氮盐改性石墨烯制备及其吸附性能研究

通过还原-改性-再还原的方法制备芳基重氮盐改性石墨烯(S-RGO),采用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪对S-RGO结构进行表征,研究吸附时间、溶液pH值、初始质量浓度和吸附剂用量等因素对S-RGO吸附亚甲基蓝的影响,探究其吸附动力学及等温吸附行为.结果表明,S-RGO对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达88.7％;S-RGO对亚甲基蓝的吸...