熔盐电解制备Zr基低价金属氧化物担载铂催化剂催化氧化甲醇和CO

通过在700℃下的CaCl_2和NaCl混合熔盐中电化学还原ZrO_2制备得到了Zr的低价金属氧化物ZrO0.35,该低价金属氧化物作为铂催化剂载体催化甲醇显示了很高的催化活性和稳定性。分析了该催化剂的组成结构和电化学行为。结果显示,在酸性介质中该载体能够有效地提高铂纳米颗粒对甲醇和CO的催化活性。有两种机制可以解释其表现:一是电子协同效应,即Zr原子的电子转移到Pt原子,Pt与CO的相互作用力减弱,从而抑制了Pt中毒;另外一方面是Pt和金属载体的协同效应,它可以有效地移除和氧化CO的中间体。     

锡盐着色膜颜色与氧化膜中Sn含量的关系

对锡盐电解着色膜的颜色深浅与氧化膜中Ｓｎ含量两者之间的关系进行了研究。此外还探讨了锡盐电解着色液中镍离子和亚铁离子在电解着色过程中所起的作用。     

奇偶间隔基短链双季铵膨润土的制备及结构表征

以六甲基丙二铵二甲硫酸盐(PDAS)和六甲基丁二铵二甲硫酸盐(BDAS)为改性剂制备奇偶间隔基短链双季铵有机膨润土,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热分析(TG)和电镜(SEM/TEM)等手段表征其结构.结果表明,PDAS和BDAS改性膨润土层间距分别为1.380 nm和1.413 nm,两种双季铵盐在层间只能以单层平卧的方式排列;有机膨润土中,PDAS是分步分解的,BDAS是一步分解,PDAS和BDAS的开始热分解温度和最大质量损失率对应温度(tpeak)相比其季铵盐固体分别提高了15,30℃和30,80℃;PDAS和BDAS有机膨润土的表面形貌有明显差异.     

浅层地震勘探在第四纪松散地层划分中的应用

采用浅层地震勘探技术在矿区第四纪松散地层进行地层、构造和地下水勘探。通过以反射波法为主,折射波、面波法为辅的综合地震勘探方法较为准确地对勘探区地层进行了划分,结合钻孔勘探,有效揭露了矿区第四系地层厚度及地层空间展布特征。地震勘探将矿区地层划分为三大套岩性层,分别为第四系全新统地层、上更新统地层和元古界基岩层,与钻孔勘探揭露地层基本一致。钻孔K1处地震法解释第四纪地层厚度为240m,钻孔勘探揭露厚度为241．37m,验证了地震勘探的可靠性。     

低温熔盐体系中电精炼制备高纯铬

以火法冶金炼制的粗铬金属作为阳极进行电解，通过选择性的阳极溶解及阴极沉积，达到分离杂质和提纯金属的目的，选用NaBr-KBr-尿素＋Cr2（SO4）3（无水）作低温熔盐体系进行铬的电精炼，温度为65-108℃，以2．27～22．7A／dm^2电流密度进行电解，研究了电流密度和温度对金属铬电精练的阴极电流效率的影响，实验表明，在该体系中电精炼过程无析氢发生；较低的温度和适中的电流密度有利于金属铬的电精炼，通过实验确立了电精炼铬合适的电解温度为85℃，电流密度为9.09A/dm^2。     

Effect of Bicarbonate Salts and Sequential Using of Frying Oil on Acrylamide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Contents in Coated Fried Chicken Meat

In this research, the effect of different bicarbonate salts (sodium and ammonium) and their doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/100 g raw material) in the coating batter formula use and the sequential use of frying oil (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th) on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acrylamide contents in coated fried chicken meat. The addition of sodium bicarbonate was efficient for reducing acrylamide content, but it increased browning and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content compared to the control. When increasing the doses of sodium and ammonium bicarbonate from 1 to 3 g/100 g of raw material, the acrylamide content of samples did not change significantly, although adding sodium bicarbonate significantly reduced the acrylamide content as a control. These research results showed that using about 1 g/100 g raw material sodium bicarbonate rather than ammonium bicarbonate and as little frying oil as possible use during the production of coated and fried meat results in lower contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acrylamide.     

Effect of O-acylmenthol and salt formation on the skin permeation of diclofenac acid

Purpose: To enhance the transdermal delivery of diclofenac acid (DA) by using O-acylmenthol as a penetration enhancer and complexing with amines, or by a combination of the two methods. Methods: The skin permeability of diclofenac was tested in vitro across rat skin with each of the evaluated permeants in a saturated isopropyl myristate (IPM) donor solution. Results: A 4.5-fold increase in the flux of diclofenac was observed by ion-pair formation with diethylamine; however, the cations with hydroxyl groups had negative effects on the transdermal delivery of diclofenac. 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxypanoate and 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl heptanoate produced significant increase in the permeation of diclofenac potassium (D-K); however, both of them were ineffective for the other diclofenac salts, including diclofenac diethylamine (D-DETA), diclofenac ethanolamine (D-EA), diclofenac diethanolamine (D-DEA), diclofenac triethanolamine, and diclofenac N-(hydroxylethyl) piperidine. 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl tetradecanoate was effective on the penetration of D-K, D-DETA, D-EA, and D-DEA. Also, it is exciting to note that the combined use of diethylamine with 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl tetradecanoate produced a 9.74-fold increase in accumulation amount of diclofenac compared with DA in IPM. Conclusions: The use of ion pair in combination with O-acylmenthol is necessary to further increase the diclofenac flux to provide better compliance for the patients undergoing clinical therapy.     

Improvement of corrosion protection offered to galvanized steel by incorporation of lanthanide modified nanoclays in silane layer

Silane sol–gel based films are very promising alternatives to the traditional chromate pre-treatments. However, the protection offered by the silane films strongly decreases when the coating is damaged. Some previous studies showed that the barrier properties of the silane layer can be improved by incorporation of clay nanoparticles. Moreover, inhibitive metallic cations can be incorporated in the nanoclays by ion exchange, providing a way to prepare cheap corrosion inhibitors nanoreservoirs offering self-healing properties. Rare earth (RE) metal salts have been shown to be effective corrosion inhibitors on a wide range of metals, including hot dip galvanized (HDG) steel. For this study, montmorillonite clay is modified to obtain a Ce(III) montmorillonite clay (Ce-MMT). The amount of incorporated Ce(III) is characterized by means of XRF measurements. X-ray diffraction showed that the Ce(III) is located in the interlayer space.     

Corn grain-processing method interacts with calcium salts of palm fatty acids supplementation on milk production and energy balance of early-lactation cows grazing tropical pasture

The objective of our study was to investigate the associative effects of feeding Ca salts of palm fatty acids (FA) and corn grain-processing method on production, nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and carryover effects of early-lactation dairy cows grazing a tropical pasture. Treatment diets were offered from 3 to 16 wk postpartum (treatment period), in which all cows grazed elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum L. Cameroon) and treatments were added to a concentrate supplement. Treatments were flint corn grain-processing method either as fine ground (FGC) or steam-flaked (SFC) associated with Ca salts of palm FA supplementation either not supplemented or supplemented (CSPO). From 17 to 40 wk postpartum (carryover period) all cows received a common diet fed as total mixed ration. During the treatment period, a tendency for an interaction between CSPO and corn grain-processing method were observed for milk yield, milk fat yield, and energy-corrected milk (ECM), as CSPO caused them to increased to a greater extent in the FGC diet compared with the SFC diet. Furthermore, a tendency for an interaction between CSPO and corn grain-processing method was observed for body weight change, because CSPO increased body weight loss in the FGC diet but not in the SFC diet. The CSPO increased milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, ECM, and cumulative milk yield compared with not supplemented. Also, CSPO increased energy intake, milk energy output, and energy partitioning toward milk, whereas reduced energy was allocated to body reserves. The SFC increased milk yield, ECM, milk protein yield, milk casein yield, and cumulative milk yield, and decreased milk urea N compared with FGC. The SFC compared with FGC also increased body condition score and body weight change, and increased energy partitioning toward body reserves. During the carryover period, an interaction between CSPO and corn grain-processing method was observed for milk yield, which occurred because CSPO maintained higher milk yield in the FGC diet but not in the SFC diet. Therefore, in the carryover period, the additive effect between SFC and CSPO that occurred in the treatment period was not maintained throughout the carryover period. However, CSPO increased yields of milk fat, protein, casein as well as fat-corrected milk and ECM. In conclusion, corn grain-processing method interacts with CSPO supplementation on production responses and carryover effects of grazing cows. When CSPO was fed in the FGC diet, milk production increased to a greater extent than when fed in the SFC diet, but also caused greater mobilization of reserves at early lactation. This suggests an interaction between fat supplementation and corn grain-processing method on energy partitioning of dairy cows. Also, both supplementation with CSPO and SFC were effective strategies to increase energy intake and yields of milk and milk solids. The carryover effect on milk production was greater for CSPO supplementation than corn grain-processing method, whereas feeding SFC diets had lower mobilization of reserves and less body weight and body condition score variation throughout lactation.