Rare earth chloride and nitrate salts as individual and mixed inhibitors for aluminium alloy 7075-T6 in chloride solution

The aim of the study was to investigate various rare earth salts as corrosion inhibitors of aluminium alloy 7075-T6. Rare earth salts, CeCl₃, LaCl₃, Ce(NO₃)₃ and La(NO₃)₃, were studied, first as individual inhibitors in the concentration range between 0.001 and 0.05?M. Second, the inhibitory effect of mixtures of chloride or nitrate salts was studied at an overall inhibitor concentration of 0.01?M. The corrosion properties of AA7075-T6 in the absence and presence of individual and mixed rare earth salts were investigated using electrochemical potentiodynamic technique in 0.1?M NaCl. The topography, morphology and composition of the inhibited surfaces were recorded. The highest inhibitory effectiveness was exhibited by CeCl₃, followed by mixtures of CeCl₃ and LaCl₃. During immersion for 12?h the corrosion protection remained high. Nitrate rare earth salts showed less protection, both as individual or as mixed inhibitors. Deposits containing both cerium and lanthanum were formed primarily on Cu-based intermetallics.     

莫高窟壁画疱疹病害的微观形貌和成分研究

目的研究壁画疱疹盐分或元素的分布规律,为病害治理提供依据。方法使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)对疱疹表面的微观形貌、结构及成分进行分析。结果 SEM研究结果表明,疱疹表面被粘土质包裹,其核心部分为无机结晶盐,从部分疱疹剖面可观测到立方体或者近立方体形态的无机盐晶体。FESEM及EDS分析结果显示,大部分疱疹盐结晶的主要成分以Na、Cl元素为主,少部分疱疹中含有Mg、Ca、S等元素。另外,疱疹中Na和Cl以及S和Ca元素具有良好的比例对应关系。结论莫高窟壁画疱疹中的无机盐主要由易溶盐Na Cl构成,少量疱疹还含有CaCl_2、MgSO_4、CaSO_4等可溶盐或中溶盐。     

季鏻盐型缓蚀剂对SRB诱导碳钢腐蚀过程的缓蚀与杀菌作用

采用最大可能计数法对两种季盐型缓蚀剂BHP 1及BHP 2的杀菌效果进行了评价。结果发现 ,BHP 1具有良好的杀菌性能 ,且最佳杀菌浓度为 6 0× 10 -6g/L ,两者的杀菌效果均优于广泛使用的新洁尔灭。采用电化学方法、腐蚀失重实验及表面分析法研究了 4 5 # 碳钢在含硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)的厌氧体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明 :SRB能加速 4 5 # 碳钢的点蚀破坏。两种季盐能有效控制SRB溶液对 4 5 # 碳钢的腐蚀破坏 ,使点蚀电位正移 ,对SRB溶液中的 4 5 # 碳钢具有良好的缓蚀作用 ,缓蚀效果为BHP 1>BHP 2     

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮及其盐的研究概述

详细介绍了新型含能材料3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）的合成与性能研究状况,包括合成方法、晶体结构、量子化学、热分解行为、毒性等方面。着重介绍了包括NTO碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属和稀土金属等21种NTO金属盐的单晶结构和热行为,重点总结了NTO碱金属盐的热分解产物,其中NTO的锂、钠、钾配合物的最终分解产物为碳酸盐,而铷和铯配合物的最终分解产物为碳酸盐、氧化物和高聚物,得出NTO碱金属盐的活化焓（△H≠）和放热分解峰温（Tpdo）之间的关系。附参考文献73篇。     

Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

重氮盐用于无机材料的表面改性研究进展

重氮盐的表面改性是一种新型有效的表面改性方法,可实现对无机、有机、生物材料的改性。综述了重氮盐用于无机材料表面改性的特点及方法,如电化学还原、氧化还原、UV辐照接枝、热化学反应、机械接枝、超声波和微波辅助改性,并重点介绍了近年利用重氮盐对碳纳米管、石墨、玻璃碳、金属、半导体、石英和纳米金刚石等无机材料的表面改性及应用。     

环氧衍生物开环法制备壳聚糖季铵盐的工艺研究

采用异丙醇为溶剂,以壳聚糖(CTS)、2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)为原料,用环氧衍生物开环法制备了壳聚糖季铵盐(HACC),通过单因素实验,考察了反应物摩尔比,反应时间,反应温度等因素对产物取代度的影响,结果表明,制备壳聚糖季铵盐的最优工艺为：nCTS: nGTA=1: 4,壳聚糖相对分子质量3.2×105,碱化时间14h,预处理壳聚糖含水率20%,反应pH值7,反应温度75℃,反应时间8h。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析对壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐的结构、外观形貌、热稳定性进行了表征与分析,结果表明壳聚糖季铵化改性以N取代为主,改性后外貌和粒度有了明显变化,并且热稳定性降低。     

高氟碘溶液中脱氟工艺实验研究

探讨了一种含碘溶液的除氟工艺,添加钙盐和铝盐是处理600~750 mg/L的高氟碘溶液的有效方法,通过设计正交实验得出了富碘溶液脱氟的最优工艺条件,在pH为7左右,铝盐量为50 g/L,钙盐量为5 g/L,静置时间为3 h的条件下,碘溶液的氟含量能降到10 ppm以下。     

壳聚糖季鏻盐共混膜的制备及性能研究

用溶液共混法成功地制备了壳聚糖与季鏻盐共混膜,并利用红外光谱、透光率、力学性能、吸水率及抑菌性能测试对其进行了表征。结果表明,共混膜中壳聚糖分子与季鏻盐分子间存在一定相互作用及良好的相容性,季鏻盐含量的增加减小了共混膜的吸水率,增加了其抑菌性能,在季鏻盐含量为20%时,共混膜的综合性能最佳,其中,抗张强度达到60.8 MPa,透光率为85%。     

乳化盐在重制奶酪生产中的作用

阐述了乳化盐在重制奶酪中的作用，以及常用乳化盐的主要特性、实际应用和重制奶酪经常出现的质量缺陷、原因分析、采取的措施等。