脱硫胺液中热稳态盐含量的测定

文章论述了通过阳离子交换树脂与样品发生离子交换之后转换成相应的酸,然后使用标准酸碱滴定进行定量计算,该方法适用于石油加工气体脱硫系统中贫胺溶液总热稳盐含量(HSS)的测定。     

中国西北地区含油气盆地天然气有利勘探区带和成藏条件

我国西北地区塔里木、鄂尔多斯、准噶尔、柴达木四大盆地和吐哈、酒泉两个中小盆地天然气资源丰富,待探明储量潜力大,天然气远景资源量约为234 899×108m3,占全国的50%,天然气地质资源量和可探明资源量分别为97 556×108m3和59 634×108m3,分别占全国的44.3%和42.6%,在这些盆地主要有三大勘探领域,即古生代克拉通盆地继承性古隆起、前陆盆地和前陆冲断带构造-岩性复合圈闭、柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气,已在这三大领域探明了规模储量;在中国的四大气区(鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川和柴达木气区)中西北地区的就有3个,说明了西北地区巨大的天然气勘探潜力。为了确保“西气东输”的资源基础和探明储量的增长,从战略接替和战略准备的现实资源基础出发,认为今后在西北地区的大中型含气盆地和广泛分布的中小盆地,应加强以石炭系和侏罗系为烃源岩层系的煤型气、煤层气的资源评价和勘探,重视叠合盆地深层气、柴达木盆地三湖地区水溶气的勘探。     

Correlation between molten vanadium salts and the structural degradation of HK-type steel superheater tubes

HK steels are among the most used heat-resistant cast stainless steels, being corrosion-resistant and showing good mechanical properties at high service temperatures. These steels are widely used in reformer furnaces and as superheater tubes. During service, combustion gases leaving the burners come in contact with these tubes, resulting in corrosive attack and a large weight loss occurs due to the presence of vanadium, which forms low melting point salts, removing the protective oxide layer. In this work the external surface of a tube with dramatic wall thickness reduction was analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The identification of the phases was achieved by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The results showed oxides arising from the external surface. In this oxidized region vanadium compounds inside chromium carbide particles were also observed, due to inward vanadium diffusion during corrosion attack. A chemical reaction was proposed to explain the presence of vanadium in the metal microstructure.     

Fundamental investigation on the stability of the steel/coating interfaces contaminated by submicroscopic salt particles

It is known that the presence of hydrosoluble species, mainly chlorides and sulphates, at the metal/paint interface, promotes osmotic blistering of the coating and underfilm metallic corrosion when the concentration exceeds a critical level. However, since the interface is not easily accessible by experiment, not much is known about interfacial structure, reactions and the processes causing degradation. Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) is an ideal tool for the in situ monitoring of the degradation processes at the buried interface. In the present paper, a study of the fundamental aspects of the stability of the contaminated buried steel/coating interfaces, specially focused on the initial stages of blistering and underfilm corrosion, has been carried out. Results of the characterization study performed with a height-regulated SKP (HR-SKP) on coated steel contaminated at the interface by different salt concentrations with well-defined crystal size and distribution are shown. An effect of crystal size and distribution has been observed. While, small crystals or low density of salt spots do not show macroscopic blistering, bigger crystals or a local accumulation of them can cause significant de-adhesion and macroscopic blistering.     

L-抗坏血酸-2-硫酸酯盐的合成

以焦硫酸钾为酯化剂，以吡啶为溶剂合成了Ｌ－ 抗坏血酸的稳定衍生物 Ｌ－ 抗坏血酸－ ２ － 硫酸酯二钾盐。该衍生物具有弱酸性，在弱碱中稳定。合成方法操作简便，收率高。     

Mass transportation in diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate for fuel cell applications

To use the protonic mesothermal fuel cell without humidification, mass transportation in diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([dema][TfO]), trifluoromethanesulfuric acid (TfOH)-added [dema][TfO], and phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)-added [dema][TfO] was investigated by electrochemical measurements. The diffusion coefficient and the solubility of oxygen were ca. 10⁻⁵ cm² s⁻¹ and ca. 10⁻³ M (=mol dm⁻³), respectively. Those of hydrogen were a factor of 10 and one-tenth compared to oxygen, respectively. The permeability, which is a product of the diffusion coefficient and solubility, of oxygen and hydrogen were almost the same for the perfluoroethylenesulfuric acid membrane and the sulfuric acid solution; therefore, these values are suitable for fuel cell applications. On the other hand, a diffusion limiting current was observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The current corresponded to ca. 10⁻¹⁰ mol cm⁻¹ s⁻¹ of the permeability, and the diffusion limiting species was the hydrogen carrier species. The TfOH addition enhanced the diffusion limiting current of [dema][TfO], and the H₃PO₄ addition eliminated the diffusion limit. The hydrogen bonds of H₃PO₄ or water-added H₃PO₄ might significantly enhance the transport of the hydrogen carrier species. Therefore, [dema][TfO] based materials are candidates for non-humidified mesothermal fuel cell electrolytes.     

Quaternary Fixed-Polarity Reed-Muller expansion computation through operations on disjoint cubes and its comparison with other methods

A new algorithm for calculating quaternary Fixed-Polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM) spectra is described in this paper. The presented algorithm directly converts array of disjoint cubes representation of a quaternary function into its FPRM spectral coefficients. The main advantage of this algorithm is that it requires less memory space than other algorithms. Since each spectral coefficient can be calculated independently of other spectral coefficients, the algorithm can be implemented using parallel programming. Brief reviews and experimental results of several existing algorithms for the calculation of quaternary FPRM spectra are also included in this paper together with experimental results of the new algorithm for comparison purpose.     

横泉水库坝基渗漏分析与评价

文中利用野外工程地质勘察及大量水文地质试验后所取得的水文地质参数，对横泉水库第四系松散层和基岩强风化层的渗透性及渗漏量给出了分析与评价。