Ultra-Thin 2D Ionic Salt Supported with Strong Hydrogen-Bonding Assisted Ionic Interaction

2D materials have attracted great interest since the report of graphene. However, because of the fragile stability of ultra-thin nanosheets, most studies are restricted to sheets maintained by strong covalent or coordination bonds. The research on which kind of bonds can maintain the free-standing existence of 2D nanosheets is still of great significance. Recently, 2D ionic salts are successfully synthesized on substrates, but whether 2D ionic salts can free-stand is still a problem. Herein this problem is addressed by a free-standing 2D ionic salt (thickness: ≈2 nm) exfoliated from a 4,4′-bipyridinium hydrochloride salt crystal. The stability of this 2D salt is supported by a strong N H···Cl hydrogen (H)-bonding assisted ionic interaction (17.99 kcal mol⁻¹), which is verified by density functional theory calculation and natural bond orbital analysis. The salt crystal has strong air-stable radicals inside and the 2D ionic salt exhibits red fluorescence in solution and in solid-state, especially in solution the stokes shifts are very large (≈ 386 nm). This breakthrough work is not only beneficial for the construction of novel 2D materials but also for the understanding of H-bonding interactions.     

Influence of nickel alloying on hot corrosion of stainless steels in SO2-environment

Flue dust produced by copper flash smelting causes problems by forming corrosive melts on the walls of heat recovery boiler used to recover the process heat value and to separate flue dust from SO₂-rich gas, derived from smelting sulphidic copper ore, before manufacture of sulphuric acid. The corrosion phenomena of molybdenum containing low and high nickel stainless steels AISI 316 and Sanicro 28 were studied by simulating the conditions prevailing in the heat recovery boiler in laboratory in the temperature range of 250–350°C. ZnCl₂ in copper smelter flue dust resulted in partial melting of the deposit containing sulphates and oxides of copper, zinc, arsenic, iron and lead, which increased the rate of corrosion dramatically. Chlorination of the steel was the dominant corrosion mechanism. The high nickel steel corroded more than low nickel steel due to reactivity of nickel under molten sulphates.     

柴达木盆地第四系气田构造遥感信息提取

柴达木盆地东部三湖地区第四纪坳陷天然气资源丰富，第四系构造往往就是含气构造。但由于这些气田存在表层气，在地震剖面上表现为低速异常（呈向斜形态），三湖地区盐碱壳下的软泥层在地震剖面上也表现为低速异常，加之地表条件恶劣，因此地震勘探非常困难。对该地区已知气田构造遥感特征的分析表明，深部的变形波及地表，第四系构造在地表微地貌、水系和色调异常等方面都有反映，且地表无植被和人文活动干扰，有可能通过卫星遥感图像提取隐伏气田构造信息。经过研究探索，参考第一代的ＭＳＳ图像，主要根据最新时相７个波段ＴＭ资料，采用选择性主组分分析、特色尔变换、ＴＭ５４３和ＴＭ７４１等增强处理方法，解译出该地区１３个可靠的隐伏构造。其中，达布逊湖以南的达南１号和达南２号隐伏构造的遥感影像异常特征明显，达南２号构造上方的ＴＭ７灰度值分布特征与气态石油物质的波谱透射特征有很好的相关性，认为达南２号构造等５个隐伏构造为气田构造。     

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浙江沿海平原浅层天然气主要赋存于第四纪全新世和晚更新世地层中。气样组分分析表明，该区天然气属甲烷型生物成因气。有机地球化学分析表明，生物气气源层具强—较强的还原环境，同时具有较高的有机质丰度、较好的有机质类型等有利条件。结合钻井资料，将该区由上而下划分为第一含气层系（全新统）和第二含气层系（上更新统）。其中浙北第一含气层系内的第三储气层，浙东南第一含气层系内的下储气层、第二含气层内的晚更新世第一砂砾层分别为各自的主力气层。储气层为含砂贝壳、含贝壳粉细—细砂、含贝壳砂砾层。古河口湾、受海侵影响的河漫滩和海湾滨岸分布区是寻找具商业价值气藏的主要领域，气藏圈闭类型为岩性型、背斜型及复合型等。据地质、地理、生储盖组合、圈闭条件和地球化学环境，优选出八个一类区块     

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江苏地区第四系浅层天然气显示十分广泛，大致可分为三个含气带：南京—上海沿江含气带，盐城—海安滨海含气带和淮阴—滨海古黄河含气带。在垂向上主要分布于第四系上更新统和全新统。通过近年来对该区浅层天然气的勘探与研究，认为浅层天然气来自第四系全新统的海相淤泥、粘土层，它们具有有机质丰度高、成气母质好的特征，形成途径以ＣＯ２还原而产生大量的生物甲烷气，因此这一浅层天然气实质上属于生物气。根据研究，预测江苏地区第四系浅层天然气的资源量为１０３．８１×１０８ｍ３，其中南京—上海沿江地区可达６９．３８×１０８ｍ３，因而该区是江苏地区第四系浅层天然气勘探的有利地区     

含盐和甲醇体系中气体水合物的相平衡研究 Ⅰ.平衡生成条件的测定

在温度２６０．８～２８１．５Ｋ和压力０．７８～１１．１８ＭＰａ下，采用“压力搜索法”在自行设计和组建的实验装置上测定了一个合成天然气在含盐以及含盐和甲醇水溶液体系中的水合物平衡生成条件，共１１个体系７２个数据点。结果表明，无论对于单盐或多盐水溶液体系，甲醇对天然气水合物的生成均有显著的抑制作用；当溶液中甲醇增加至２０％（质量）时，ＫＣｌ的抑制作用强于ＣａＣｌ２。     

Effect of AlInGaN barrier layers with various TMGa flows on optoelectronic characteristics of near UV light-emitting diodes grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

Near ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with quaternary AlInGaN quantum barriers (QBs) are grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The indium mole fraction of AlInGaN QB could be enhanced as we increased the TMG flow rate. Both the wavelength shift in EL spectra and forward voltage at 20 mA current injection were reduced by using AlInGaN QB. Under 100 mA current injection, the LED output power with Al_0.089In_0.035Ga_0.876N QB can be enhanced by 15.9%, compared to LED with GaN QB. It should be attributed to a reduction of lattice mismatch induced polarization mismatch in the active layer.     

三值电路和电路三要素理论

本文基于四值代数,提出三值电路的统一理论电路三要素(信号,网络和负载)理论,该理论表明:门级与开关级电路间,开关级电路结构间,动态与静态电路间存在简单的转换关系,依照这个关系很容易由三值函数式设计出三值电路,尤其能基于一个电路方程同时推出三值动态和静态电路。     

中国西北地区含油气盆地天然气有利勘探区带和成藏条件

我国西北地区塔里木、鄂尔多斯、准噶尔、柴达木四大盆地和吐哈、酒泉两个中小盆地天然气资源丰富,待探明储量潜力大,天然气远景资源量约为234 899×108m3,占全国的50%,天然气地质资源量和可探明资源量分别为97 556×108m3和59 634×108m3,分别占全国的44.3%和42.6%,在这些盆地主要有三大勘探领域,即古生代克拉通盆地继承性古隆起、前陆盆地和前陆冲断带构造-岩性复合圈闭、柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气,已在这三大领域探明了规模储量;在中国的四大气区(鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川和柴达木气区)中西北地区的就有3个,说明了西北地区巨大的天然气勘探潜力。为了确保“西气东输”的资源基础和探明储量的增长,从战略接替和战略准备的现实资源基础出发,认为今后在西北地区的大中型含气盆地和广泛分布的中小盆地,应加强以石炭系和侏罗系为烃源岩层系的煤型气、煤层气的资源评价和勘探,重视叠合盆地深层气、柴达木盆地三湖地区水溶气的勘探。     

杭州湾地区晚第四纪浅层生物气藏勘探方法研究

杭州湾地区晚第四纪地层蕴藏有丰富的天然气，气藏具有气层薄、压力低、产量小的特点，是一种非常规浅层生物气，勘探方法不能简单的采用深层气的勘探方法。通过试验研究得到以下认识：重点目标区预探或已知气田区扩边可以采用打密集静力触探井的方法；追踪砂体的形态展布和进行大面积的勘探，应配合少量的地震、电法勘探，以及静电阿尔法薄膜测量、微生物法等非地震物化探方法。静力触探井对岩性、岩相划分对比，特别是储层识别较为有效；利用浅层横波地震剖面可以圈定含气砂体的边界；EH4电磁勘探能够追踪砂体展布，推断气层的厚度；气田上方氧气和甲烷菌的含量存在明显的异常。在杭州湾地区晚第四系浅层生物气藏勘探中，这些方法在识别第四纪地层基底、划分岩性岩相、预测储层和天然气层等方面取得了较好的应用效果。