循环经济的基本理论和方法

系统介绍了循环经济的基本概念和内涵,认为发展循环经济是全世界可持续发展的需要,是缓解我国能源资源紧张“瓶颈”的需要,是国际贸易中突破“贸易壁垒”的需要。借鉴德国、日本、美国发展循环经济的经验,提出我国发展循环经济的基本途径和促进循环经济发展的主要措施。结论认为,发展循环经济是大势所趋,研究建立系统的政策法规体系是发展循环经济的基础性工作,尽快突破一批发展循环经济的关键技术至关重要,发展循环经济需要广大民众的积极参与。     

有限变形激光频谱图像的计算机自动分析

在S－R和分解定理和Fourier光学理论的基础上,提出了一种使用计算机对有限变形激光频谱图像进行自动分析的新方法。文中首先给出了有限应变和平均整旋角与反映频谱图像变化的几何参数之间的定量关系,然后着重介绍了与谱图像分析有关的数字化、分割、特征提取和分析算法等重要的图像处理过程,最后给出圆环受径向荷载大变形实验的分析实例。研究结果表明这一新方法特别适合于测量有限变形。     

合肥盆地热演化特征

通过5口钻井23个样品镜质体反射率(Ro)数据的统计分析,运用镜质体反射率-深度(Ro-H)剖面斜率及其对应地温梯度的筛分对比方法,综合研究了合肥盆地中新生代的热演化特征。结果表明,盆地不同区块二叠系、下侏罗统和下白垩统的Ro数值大小存在较大差异,介于0.82%～2.70%,但其相应的Ro-H剖面斜率均显著大于上白垩统和下第三系,表明上、下白垩统之间存在明显的间断。下白垩统的地温梯度分布在70.80～130.90℃/km,相对稳定区接近70.80℃/km,表明早白垩世存在一次规模较大的区域性构造-热事件。上白垩统和下第三系Ro集中分布在0.40%～0.74%,地温梯度为38.30℃/km。晚第三纪以来,盆地整体抬升冷却,地温梯度降至现今的27.50℃/km。     

Ro反演的盆地热史恢复方法与相关问题

同一盆地不同深度的镜质体反射率(R_o)是盆地所受热流密度变化的反映。因此,可通过建立盆地的古热流、古地温及镜质体反射率模型来反映盆地演化历史。但是,R_o在多旋回盆地中存在多解性及不可逆性。所以,在用R_o进行盆地反演时,应从原始盆地恢复入手,最大限度地挖掘可靠的R_o资料;为了克服R_o的不可逆性及可掩盖性,可将lgR_o-H剖面进行分段综合解释,对于被不整合分隔的沉积层,分段求取平均R_o值作为该段的R_o值,对于突变的lgR_o-H曲线,则应注意局部火山活动的影响,剔除异常值;另外,盆缘露头及浅埋区的R_o资料则主要用于说明盆地演化早期的古地温场特征。     

半封闭活塞式和螺杆式冷水机组性能比较

半封闭活塞式和螺杆式冷机组以其各自鲜明的特点得到了广泛的应用。文章分析了开利半封闭活塞式和螺杆式冷水机组的特点,对比在不同温度和不同冷量下的性能,为实际使用打下基础。     

在线生饮水系统在宾馆的应用

何获取安全优质的饮用水,已成为人们日常生活的焦点。由拓野公司试制开发的拓野在线生饮水机,有效解决了生饮水系统中存在的二次污染问题。由经济万分分析结果表明,该在线生饮水系统一次性投资小,运行成本低。经鉴定,出水水质完全符合国家卫生部要求,进一项具有良好应用前景的绿色技术。     

制冷空调节能技术探讨

当今科技的迅猛发展,能源在工业生产与民用生活中消耗量日益增大,最终将会出现能源枯竭.而制冷空调作为一个高能耗的产业,能源利用问题尤其关键;节约现有能源开发利用新能源成为制冷空调新产品研制过程中考虑的重要因素.本文探讨了制冷空调与能源的关系以及节能技术的开发应用.     

The role of universities in regional development Endogenous human capital and growth in a two-region model

This paper proposes a dynamic two-region model with human capital accumulation. This economic system is assumed to produce two commodities – one in each region. The only university in the economy which carries out higher education (=teaching) is located in region 1. The model describes the dynamic interdependence between human capital accumulation, regional division of labour, the spatial price structure under perfect economic competition, and the government intervention in higher education. Thus the analysis examines how differences in human capital improvements and environmental conditions between the two regions affect the economic geography. Received: October 1998/Accepted: April 2000     

A combined distribution and assignment model for continuous facility location problem

Consider a general, heterogeneous geographical space with a set of competitive facilities, where the customers' demand locations from each of the facilities are continuously dispersed over the area. The total demand generated from a particular location in the space is fixed, but the demands from this location to the set of competitive facilities are subject to a distribution function with respect to the relative transportation costs to these facilities. Furthermore, we take into account congested transportation cost in characterizing customer choices. Congestion effect is explicitly built into our model by using a flow-dependent and location-dependent transportation cost function. The routing behavior of customers over the space and the user equilibrium choices of facilities are modeled by constructing a spatial user equilibrium flow pattern. The problem is formulated as a combined distribution and assignment model. An iterative algorithm between the distribution function for the choice of facilities and a mixed finite element method for route choices is proposed to solve the resulting continuous facility location problem. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Received: May 1999/Accepted: May 2000     

钢筋混凝土框架-斜撑结构的震害预测

通过对钢筋混凝土框架 斜撑结构 6个典型工程的 480余例结构弹塑性地震反应分析 ,并结合有关试验结果 ,确定了框架 斜撑结构由层间延伸率大小决定的破坏程度 ,建立了一个以层间延伸率为判据的钢筋混凝土框架 斜撑结构房屋的震害预测方法。最后 ,通过对一栋 8层框架 斜撑结构试验工程的弹塑性时程分析 ,验证了方法的正确合理性