党参-茯苓-甘草水提物通过激活胆碱能信号通路改善痴呆小鼠的学习记忆功能

该研究深入探讨“药食两用”中药党参、茯苓、甘草水提物改善学习记忆障碍小鼠的作用机制。小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、党参-茯苓-甘草组（10、20、40 g/kg）和阳性药组（盐酸多奈哌齐,1.5 mg/kg）,每组10只,不间断给药30 d（10 mL/(kg?d)）。腹腔注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱建立学习记忆障碍模型（2 mg/kg,5 d）,Morris水迷宫实验考察小鼠行为变化;ELISA检测小鼠海马组织中乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine,Ach）和乙酰胆碱脂酶（acetylcholinesterase,AchE）水平;Western blot测定胆碱能信号通路相关蛋白及磷酸化表达量。结果发现,与模型组比较,高剂量组（40 g/kg）小鼠在Morris水迷宫实验中穿过平台次数增加了5.48次,在第Ⅲ象限时间、路程分别增加了17.41%、14.39%;小鼠海马中ACh水平升高了26%,AChE水平降低了11.9%;中、高剂量组小鼠海马α7-nAChR、CaMK Ⅱ、p-ERK1/2、p-CREB蛋白表达明显增强。这表明党参-茯苓-甘草水提物能够对学习记忆障碍小鼠起到改善作用,其机制可能与激活海马组织胆碱能突触通路并上调相关蛋白的表达有关。该研究为潞党参、茯苓、甘草这三味“药食两用”中药资源改善学习记忆障碍功效提供研究基础,为开发山西省道地药材潞党参提供研究方向。     

Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Flavonoid from Radix Astragali using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to predict optimum conditions for microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) of flavonoid from Radix Astragali. A central composite design was used to monitor the effect of temperature, extraction time, solvent‐to‐material ratio, and the ethanol concentration on yield of total flavanoid (TFA). Optimum extraction conditions were predicted as 108.2°C, 26.7 min, 23.1 ml/g solvent‐to‐material ratio and 86.2% ethanol. The maximum yield 1.234±0.031 mg/g was close to the yield of Soxhlet and higher than that of ultrasound assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction. MAE was an effective alternative to conventional extraction methods.     

High-Purity Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside Recovered from Radix Astragali by Extraction,Fractionation and Recrystallization

Abstract

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (CG), one major isoflavonoid in Radix Astragali with promising pharmacological effects, was separated with a low-cost process in the present study. The sequential separation and purification procedures established involved extraction with 90% (v/v) aqueous ethanol at 75°C for 2 h twice followed by partition with ethyl acetate, elution with water, and 40% (v/v) aqueous ethanol on a styrene-based resin column and recrystallization at 4°C for 12 h with methanol. These conditions resulted in recovery of 81.6% of total CG with over 97% purity.     

膜技术在烟用地黄香料加工中的应用研究

为了制备适合烟用的地黄天然香料,采用膜技术分离纯化了熟地黄提取物。实验表明,膜技术能有效去除天然植物提取物中的蛋白质、淀粉等大分子化合物,过膜前后的熟地黄提取物无论是在嗅觉还是感官评吸方面都存在较大的差别,而其"一定纯度"的滤液才适合用作烟用香料。膜技术具有工艺简单、生产周期短、成本低廉、自动化程度高等优点,在烟草香料行业具有极大的应用前景。     

Optimization of ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of puerarin from Radix Puerariae Lobatae by response surface methodology

Ionic liquid (IL) based ultrasonic assisted extraction (ILUAE) was developed for the effective extraction of puerarin from Radix Puerariae Lobatae (RPL). The ILUAE parameters including the type of ILs, IL concentration, RPL amount, ultrasonic power and time were optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the best results were obtained using RPL amount 0.43 g in 10 mL 1.06 mol L⁻¹ 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide aqueous solution, ultrasonic time 27.43 min and ultrasonic power 480 W. Scanning electron microscope images of RPL samples were obtained to provide visual evidence of the sonication effect. Compared with the conventional ultrasonic assisted extraction and refluent extraction, the proposed ILUAE offered shorter extraction time and remarkable higher efficiencies due to the higher penetration ability and solubility of IL and the cavitation phenomenon produced in the solvent by the passage of an ultrasonic wave, which further supported the suitability of the proposed approach.     

Simultaneous determination of iridoid glycosides,phenethylalcohol glycosides and furfural derivatives in Rehmanniae Radix by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry

In this study, a sensitive and selective method for simultaneously quantifying eight major components (four iridoid glycosides, three phenethylalcohol glycosides and one furfural derivative) of Rehmanniae Radix by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC–TQ-MS) was developed. The sample preparation was executed using an optimised ultrasonic method with complete extraction efficiencies of eight analytes. For mass spectrometry, selected ion recording (SIR) scan mode was used to improve the sensitivity and selectivity. The established method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy and stability, and successfully applied to determine the contents of the eight analytes in different batches of raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix, which confirmed that the established method was reliable and useful for “holistic” quality evaluation of Rehmanniae Radix. The quantitative results indicated that the quality of commercial raw or processed Rehmanniae Radix was remarkably inconsistent.     

甘草对银耳菌发酵代谢及发酵液抗氧化活性的影响

目的 探究甘草对银耳菌液态发酵代谢及发酵液抗氧化活性的影响。方法 通过液态发酵制备不同甘草添加量的银耳发酵液, 对发酵液的pH、色素含量、生物量、银耳胞外多糖(Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, TFPs)含量及结构变化、抗氧化活性变化进行分析。结果 添加甘草可抑制银耳菌色素的分泌, 并影响发酵液的pH; 当甘草添加量为10%时, 发酵120 h后, 生物量由(4.47±0.01) g/L显著增加至(13.04±1.86) g/L (P<0.05); 甘草添加量为2%时, 发酵24 h, TFPs产量达到最大值(28.00±1.31) g/L。添加甘草还可显著增加发酵上清液的抗氧化活性(P<0.05), 甘草添加量为6%, 发酵72 h, 发酵上清液对DPPH·清除率最高可到(98.23±0.10)%、发酵96 h, ABTS+·清除率最高可达到(99.11±0.15)%, 比未添加甘草的对照组分别增加了7.30%和5.18%。红外光谱确证, 添加甘草没有改变银耳菌发酵产生的胞外多糖的结构。结论 添加甘草能抑制银耳色素的分泌, 同时能增加发酵上清液中的TFPs含量及发酵上清液的抗氧化活性, 为促进银耳菌双向发酵体系的研究及健康产品的开发提供参考。     

黄芩的研究进展

黄芩是常用中药材之一,有广泛的药理作用和重要的临床应用价值。现将近5年来黄芩的来源、炮制、有效成分提取、药理作用等方面的研究进展做一综述,为黄芩的深入研究提供参考。     

Quantitative and Chemical Fingerprint Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Isatis indigotica based on Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector Combined with Chemometric Methods

A simple and reliable method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) was developed to control the quality of Radix Isatidis (dried root of Isatis indigotica) for chemical fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of eight bioactive constituents, including R,S-goitrin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, gluconapin, adenosine, uridine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine. In quantitative analysis, the eight components showed good regression (R > 0.9997) within test ranges, and the recovery method ranged from 99.5% to 103.0%. The UPLC fingerprints of the Radix Isatidis samples were compared by performing chemometric procedures, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis. The chemometric procedures classified Radix Isatidis and its finished products such that all samples could be successfully grouped according to crude herbs, prepared slices, and adulterant Baphicacanthis cusiae Rhizoma et Radix. The combination of quantitative and chromatographic fingerprint analysis can be used for the quality assessment of Radix Isatidis and its finished products.     

木香挥发油超声辅助提取工艺优化及其化学成分分析

本文研究响应面法优化超声辅助法提取木香挥发油的工艺,同时并对木香挥发油成分进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法设计试验,运用3因素3水平,以木香挥发油的得率为响应指标,考察液料比、提取温度、超声时间对木香挥发油得率的影响;并对最佳提取工艺下超声提取的挥发油进行GC-MS分析,采用峰面积归一化法,确定各成分的相对含量并进行鉴定。结果表明最佳工艺为:料液比1:21、提取温度50℃、超声时间36 min,经验证此条件下的挥发油得率为5.60%,与理论值5.70%相比差别不大,表明此法较为准确;采用GC-MS分析所得到的挥发油成分中,共鉴定出35种化合物,占总挥发油组分的92.03%。其中相对含量较高的成分为石竹素、(-)-异芳香烃-(V)、1-甲基环庚烯、1,4-环丁二烯、4-(1-甲基戊基)-1-环己烯-1-羧醛、11,11-二甲基螺环[2,9]十二烷-3,7-二烯等,其中含量最高的为1,4-环丁二烯。因此,响应面法优选超声辅助法提取木香挥发油工艺准确、可靠;超声辅助法能应用于木香挥发油的提取。使用GC-MS法能为木香药材的质量鉴别提供较好的依据。