Authentication of Chinese Materia Medica decoction dregs. Part II: comparison before and after decoction of four Chinese Materia Medica that mainly comprise storage tissue

Authentication of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) decoction dregs is important for ensuring the efficacy and safety of CMM when they are used in decoction. If someone got worse or poisoned after taking a decoction while the formula is appropriate, the authentication of CMM dregs is the effective method to explore the reasons. Therefore, a systematic study on the authentication of CMM dregs was carried out. In this study, two pairs of easily confused CMM dregs, Fenge (Puerariae Thomsonii Radix) and Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), which mostly comprise storage tissues, were investigated by comparing the morphological and microscopic characteristics. Fenge and Shanyao contain abundant starch granules. After decoction their dregs were hard, nonstarchy and horn-like. Fully gelatinized starch granules were found in the powder of Fenge dregs while incompletely gelatinized starch granules were occasionally found in the Shanyao dregs. In contrast, Dihuang and Huangjing contain water-soluble sugars. After decoction, their dregs were hard and brittle. Their parenchymatous cells were shrunken and unknown crystals were found under microscope. Hence, the morphological and microscopic characteristics of CMM before and after decoction were different, and different changes in the CMM dregs can be illustrated by the different nature of their ergastic substance. These differences could be used to authenticate CMM dregs.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定黄芪中黄芪甲苷的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器测定黄芪甲苷含量的方法。方法:采用一种新的检测器-蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)以黄芪甲苷为对照品对黄芪中的黄芪甲苷进行HPLC分析,色谱柱:Phenomenex -ODS ;流动相:乙腈-水(37∶6 3) ;流速:0 85mL/min ;ELSD参数;漂移管温度:10 0℃;载气流速:2 7L/min。结果:黄芪甲苷在0 396～3 5 6 4μg范围内呈线性,回收率为97 94 % (RSD =0 6 8% )。结论:本法具有良好的精密度和重现性,结果准确可靠,可作为原料的质量控制方法     

超滤法处理双黄连粉针药液

本文报道了采用ＰＥＳ－Ｃ中空纤维膜处理双黄连粉针药液。结果表明经超滤法处理后双黄连药液清澈透明，有效成份基本不变，粒度符合标准。超滤膜性能稳定，采用碱液清洗方法可以使膜的性能得到恢复。     

五味子、黄芪混合多糖的提取及对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:优化五味子、黄芪混合多糖的提取工艺,并探讨其对急性酒精所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用正交试验优化水提醇沉法提取五味子、黄芪混合多糖,将40只小鼠随机分为空白对照组(CON)和空白对照+五味子黄芪多糖治疗组(CON+SAP)、肝损伤模型组(MOD)、肝损伤模型+五味子黄芪多糖治疗组(MOD+SAP)。SAP组小鼠每日灌胃给予五味子黄芪混合多糖100 mg/kg,CON组和MOD组给予同体积蒸馏水,连续30 d。末次给药后1 h,MOD组和MOD+SAP组小鼠灌胃给予50%酒精12 m L/kg,CON组和CON+SAP组灌胃给予同体积蒸馏水。16 h后取血与肝脏,计算各组小鼠的肝脏指数,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)的水平,并测定肝组织中的甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、微量还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量,苏木精-伊红染色法观察肝脏病理学变化。结果:五味子、黄芪混合多糖最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶45(g/m L)、提取时间3 h、提取温度100℃;与酒精性肝损伤模型组比较,五味子、黄芪混合多糖可降低小鼠肝脏指数(P0.05),降低血清中ALT和AST水平(P0.05),升高肝组织GSH含量(P0.01),并显著降低肝组织MDA和TG含量(P0.05),改善肝脏病理学变化。结论:五味子、黄芪混合多糖对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

基于微量元素分析技术的中药板蓝根和大青叶营养转运模式研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)技术,测定不同生长时间的板蓝根和大青叶中的微量元素含量.其中,采用ICP-MS法测量Cr、Co、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dy、Li、Be、V、Ga、U、Nb、Zr、Bi、Th、Er、Yb、Y、Sc元素,采用ICP-OE...     

Chemical composition and immuno-stimulating properties of polysaccharide biological response modifier isolated from Radix Angelica sinensis

To investigate the immunomodulating activity of Radix Angelica sinensis, three different Radix A. sinensis polysaccharide fractions (APFs, namely APF1, APF2 and APF3) were isolated by fractionation using gel filtration and were identified as the immunomodulators of murine peritoneal macrophages. In the present study, it was found that various APFs induced a significant increase in cellular lysosomal enzyme activity, nitric oxide (NO) formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, APFs dose-dependently stimulated macrophages to produce NO through the up-regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity and the maximal effect occurred at a concentration of 500 μg/ml by APF2, followed by APF3 and APF1 in decreasing order. Moreover, the predominant sugars in various APFs were identified as rhamnose, arabonose, glucose, galactose and the ratio of these monosaccharides differed from one polysaccharide fraction to another, which also affected the cellular effector molecule production in macrophages.     

桔梗咸菜腌制过程中桔梗总皂苷的动态变化

目的:通过比较不同NaCl浓度、不同腌制时间对桔梗中有效成分——桔梗总皂苷含量变化的影响,确定最佳NaCl浓度和腌制时间,为桔梗的科学腌制提供理论依据。方法:对采用不同Nacl浓度、不同腌制时间处理的桔梗,采用《中国药典》2005年版一部中的方法,测定桔梗中有效成分桔梗总皂苷的含量。结果:桔梗中活性成分随Nacl溶液浓度及腌制时间的变化,其有效成分的含量呈现递减的趋势;口感随Nacl溶液浓度及液腌制时间的变化而变化。结论:经20%Nacl溶液腌制7d后,桔梗咸菜在口感和有效成分含量方面,达到最佳。     

传统明目中药材复配对视网膜损伤小鼠抗氧化的影响

目的探讨各复配组方对视网膜损伤小鼠的影响。方法将小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、熟地黄+枸杞子组、熟地黄+菊花组、熟地黄+铁皮石斛组、熟地黄+枸杞子+菊花组共6组,分别对小鼠连续干预8周后进行强光造模,光照结束后用采集晶状体及肝脏组织进行抗氧化的指标检测。观察晶状体中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)和总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC),肝组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、及GSH-Px的活力。结果模型组晶状体GSH-Px与T-AOC值均显著低于正常对照组(P0.05);各复配组GSH-Px和T-AOC值与模型组比较均显著升高(P0.05)。在肝脏抗氧化指标中,模型组与正常组比较,MDA含量升高,SOD活力、CAT活力和GSH-Px活力下降;与模型组比较,各复配组均可降低MDA含量,升高SOD活力、CAT活力和GSH-Px活力,且均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论各复配组均对光损伤造成的氧化损伤具有缓解作用。     

板蓝根化学成分及抗氧化活性的研究

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）和直接进样的电喷雾串联质谱法（ESI-MS/MS）分析板蓝根乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物和95%乙醇提取物的化学成分。同时,采用铁离子还原能力法（FRAP）评价板蓝根的抗氧化活性,并通过自由基清除能力法（DPPH）对FRAP法的测试结果进行验证。结果表明：在板蓝根乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物和95%乙醇提取物中共鉴别出吲哚类、喹唑酮类、有机酸类、核苷类、嘌呤类、氨基酸类、黄酮类以及糖类等28个化合物。研究发现,板蓝根抗氧化活性部位主要集中在极性较低的化学组分中,吲哚类、喹唑酮类和有机酸类化合物是其主要的有效成分。该方法简便、快捷、灵敏,可为中药化学成分分析和抗氧化活性评价提供方法参考。     

响应面法优化葛根总黄酮的超声辅助提取工艺

为提高葛根总黄酮的得率,采用响应面试验设计优化超声辅助提取葛根总黄酮的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上确定以超声时间、料液比及超声温度为3个主要因素,以总黄酮得率为响应值,根据Box-Behnken原理采用三因素三水平响应面试验设计进行优化。结果表明超声辅助法提取葛根总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：以蒸馏水作为超声提取溶剂,超声时间43min、料液比1:10(g/mL)、超声温度68℃,总黄酮得率为5.28%,与预测得率5.36%相比,相对误差仅为1.49%。说明该模型可靠,与实际情况拟合较好。