Electrodeposition of catalytically active nickel for the oxygen evolution reaction — effects of anionic composition

Nickel electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition in electrolytes of various anionic compositions. The deposition conditions and bath types were evaluated with special emphasis on the electrocatalytic properties for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical characterizations in a 5 mol/L KOH solution at 25°C showed that the electrode deposited from the chloride bath, having a low Tafel slope of 50 mV/dec and an overpotential of 396 mV at 100 mA/cm², is the most catalytically active among electrodes prepared in electrolytes of various anionic compositions. The electrode activity for the OER is related to the real surface areas, which depend on the anion compositions in the deposition bath and the deposition conditions.     

Structural and Thermodynamic Variation in Nickel Aluminate Spinel

New structural and calorimetric data for samples of NiAl₂O₄ quenched from 600° to 1560°C are presented The spinel remains stoichiometric for all heat treatments. Based on the refinement of X-ray powder patterns, it is shown that the degree of disorder, defined as the mole fraction of tetrahedral sites occupied by Al³⁺, changes from x = 0.82 at 600°C to 0.78 at 1560°C. Simultaneously, the lattice parameter and enthalpy vary in a complex manner with quench temperature. The largest lattice parameter (0.80500 ± 0.00004 nm) and most exothermic enthalpy of annealing (heat released when sample is equilibrated at 780°C; -10.1 kJ/mol) occur for the sample quenched from 1100°C. A linear correlation exists between the heat of annealing and the lattice parameter. The results have been interpreted as a superposition of at least two effects: (1) the disordering of Ni²⁺ and Al³⁺ ions between octahedral (16d) and tetrahedral (8a) sites and (2) a second process, which may be a small amount of the disordering of ions into the usually empty (16c) sites.     

苯乙酮-d_8镍-铝合金液相还原合成苯乙醇-d_(10)

以氘代苯 ｄ６Ｃ６Ｄ６及氘代醋酸 ｄ４ＣＤ３ＣＯＯＤ等为原料制得氘代苯乙酮 ｄ８Ｃ６Ｄ５—ＣＯＣＤ３,在２０～５０℃下,于１０％～２０％（ｗ）ＮａＯＤ重水溶液中用镍－铝（Ｎｉ－Ａｌ）合金还原,制得了产率８５．２％、氘代率９９．２％的氘代α 苯乙醇 ｄ１０Ｃ６Ｄ５—ＣＤＯＤＣＤ３。本文介绍了氘代苯乙酮 ｄ８的Ｎｉ－Ａｌ合金液相还原反应工艺,并对温度、助溶剂氘代甲醇 ｄ４ＣＤ３ＯＤ的用量、ＮａＯＤ的质量分数等影响产物产率的主要因素进行了较为详尽的探讨     

The cyclic oxidation resistance of cobalt-chromium-aluminum alloys at 1100 and 1200° C and a comparison with the nickel-chromium-aluminum alloy system

A series of Co-rich alloys in the Co-Cr-Al system were cyclically oxidized in still air for 500 1 -hr heating cycles at 1100° C and 200 1 -hr heating cycles at 1200°C, The specific weight-change data for each sample were then used to determine both an oxide growth constant, k₁, and a spoiling constant, k₂, for each alloy, using the regression equation W/A=k ₁ ^1/2 t^1/2— k₂t±. These in turn were combined to form an oxidation attack parameter, K_a, where K_a=(k ₁ ^1/2 +10k₂). These attack parameters, along with X-ray diffraction results, were then compared with K_a values determined for comparable Al and Cr compositions in the Ni-rich Ni-Cr-Al system. The K_a and X-ray diffraction results indicated that initially, if the Cr and Al contents in both systems are high enough, protective -Al₂O₃ and aluminate spinel(s) are formed. However, in the long run, when the scales eventually start to fail, mainly CoO is formed in the Co-Cr-Al system and mainly NiO in the Ni-Cr-Al system. The Ni-Cr-Al system is considered more oxidation resistant since CoO leads to massive spalling and sudden drastic weight loss, while NiO fails in a more gradual, predictive manner. Both sets of alloys were melted in zirconia crucibles and the resultant Zr pickup increased the cyclic oxidation resistance of the alloys in both systems.     

聚丙烯腈-亚铁氰化钾镍对Cs~+的动态吸附性能

通过动态吸附实验,研究了聚丙烯腈基亚铁氰化钾镍(PAN-KNi CF)对模拟放射性废水及实际放射性废水中Cs+的吸附效果,并采用SEM、FT-IR、XRD等对吸附剂进行了表征。结果表明,PAN-KNi CF能够有效地去除水中的Cs+,当溶液中含有共存离子时,PAN-KNi CF吸附Cs+的穿透曲线都从右向左移动;减容比为2 122时,PANKNi CF对实际放射性废水中137Cs的去污因子仍高达512;被PAN-KNi CF吸附的137Cs衰变成137Bam后会从PANKNi CF上解析下来。     

AZ31B镁合金复合镀镍层的制备及其耐蚀性研究

在AZ31B镁合金表面以化学镀镍/电镀镍两步法制备了复合镀镍层。采用SEM、XRD、划痕仪、电化学方法对复合镀镍层的微观形貌、成分、晶体结构、结合力、耐蚀性等进行了表征。结果表明:复合镀镍层结构致密、表面光亮、没有明显缺陷,与基体之间具有良好的结合力,且比单一化学镀镍层具有更好的耐蚀性。     

柠檬酸化学镀镍加速剂的研究

加速剂在化学镀镍-磷合金(高磷)工艺中具有不可替代的作用。以柠檬酸化学镀镍为基础镀液,以沉积速度、孔隙率为评价指标,通过实验考察丁二酸、苯并咪唑、氟化钠及硫酸铈对化学镀镍的加速作用,并将丁二酸和硫酸铈进行复配,以求起到更好的加速作用。结果表明,在丁二酸质量浓度为1.5 g/L,添加2 mg/L硫酸铈时,效果最佳,沉积速度达到14.5μm/h,镀层孔隙率仅为0.2个/cm~2。     

电沉积法制备纳米晶材料

电沉积法是制备完全致密的纳米晶体材料最有前途的方法之一。本文综述了电沉积法制备纳米晶镍及其合金的研究现状及制备方法对纳米晶材料性质的影响。     

Effect of a marker material on the oxidation of nickel in sulfur dioxide

A marker study of nickel oxidation in SO₂ at 600°C has proved that after the reaction metallic markers (Au, Pt, W) are covered with a sulfide rim. This effect is not observed on quartz markers. The metallic markers make the intermediate NiO layer adjacent to them increase, whereas the quartz marker makes this layer disappear.     

Effects of SO2 and SO3 on the Na2SO4 induced corrosion of nickel

The effects of SO₂ and SO₃ in the environment on the hot corrosion behavior of Ni in the temperature range 750–950°C has been studied. Below the melting point of Na₂SO₄ (884°C), rapid corrosion takes place by formation of a Na₂SO₄-NiSO₄ melt, which can penetrate the porous oxide scale and give rise to sulfide information by coming in contact with the metal. The distribution of the sulfides depends on the SO₂ level in the ambient gas. Continued corrosion occurs by a sulfidation-oxidation mechanism. At temperatures above the melting point of Na₂SO₄, accelerated degradation occurs via dissolution of the surface scale, followed by reprecipitation of the oxide in a nonprotective form.Deceased