A heuristic method for the vehicle routing problem with mixed deliveries and pickups

The vehicle routing problem with deliveries and pickups is a challenging extension to the vehicle routing problem that lately attracted growing attention in the literature. This paper investigates the relationship between two versions of this problem, called “mixed” and “simultaneous”. In particular, we wish to know whether a solution algorithm designed for the simultaneous case can solve the mixed case. To this end, we implement a metaheuristic based on reactive tabu search. The results suggest that this approach can yield good results.     

代用碱JT的制备与应用性能研究

通过测定不同碱剂的缓冲容量,筛选并制备染色代用碱JT,并将其用于棉织物活性染料固色中。研究染浴中代用碱JT的组分对染色效果的影响,确定代用碱JT的组分为碳酸钾35%、硅酸钠50%、氢氧化钾10%和三乙醇胺5%。研究结果表明：代用碱替代纯碱用于活性染料固色,操作简单,染液pH值变化较小,且可提高染色牢度,节约用水,节约染色时间,降低综合成本。     

石蜡乳液的研制

选用三乙醇胺、吐温-60和硬脂酸作为乳化剂,考察乳化剂的HLB值、乳化温度、时间、乳化剂和水的用量等因素对石蜡乳液的影响,获得制备石蜡乳液的优化工艺条件。实验结果表明,该乳液的稳定性和分散性均很好。     

接枝改性腈纶织物亲水性能的研究

采用酰胺类亲水性单体对腈纶织物接枝改性,利用正交试验法对溶胀剂、乳化剂、引发剂的种类和用量进行了选择。结果表明,选择溶胀剂NaSCN 0．8 g／L,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠0．4g／L,引发剂BPO 0．4 g／L,接枝改性效果较好。腈纶织物的吸湿率由0．2％提高至5．0％,保水率由3％提高至13％。     

聚醋酸乙烯乳液稳定性能的研究——乳化剂对乳液聚合稳定性的影响

采用半连续乳液聚合的方法,合成聚醋酸乙烯乳液,探讨乳化剂的种类,配比及浓度对乳液聚合稳定性和粘度的影响。该乳液稳定性能良好,木-木压缩剪切强度达12MPa以上,可作为多孔性物质的胶粘剂使用。     

Photocatalytic TiO2 films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering with unipolar pulsing and plasma emission control systems

TiO₂ films with thickness of about 500 nm were deposited on unheated non-alkali glass substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using one Ti metal target with unipolar pulsed powering of 50 kHz and the plasma emission feedback system (PCU). In order to keep the very high deposition rate, the depositions were carried out in the “transition region” between the metallic and the reactive (oxide) sputter mode where the target surface was metallic and oxidized, respectively. Stable deposition was successfully carried out in the whole “transition region” with PCU at total gas pressure of 3.0 Pa. All the as-deposited films deposited in the “transition region” showed amorphous structure, which performed very low photocatalytic activity. After the post-annealing in air at higher than 300 °C, all the films crystallized to anatase polycrystalline structure. They performed both photoinduced decomposition of acetaldehyde and photoinduced hydrophilicity under UV light illumination. The highest deposition rate in this study to deposit the photocatalytic TiO₂ films in the “transition region” was 90 nm/min, which was over twenty times higher than that for conventional sputter deposition processes.     

The effects of oxygen partial pressure on the acoustic velocity in zirconia films studied by picosecond ultrasonics

We have performed a picosecond ultrasonic study of the effects of oxygen partial pressure on the acoustic velocity in zirconium oxide films made by radio frequency reactive sputtering. To derive more accurate and reliable values of sound velocity, various reflective layers were used to enhance the echo signals of acoustic pulses photoexcited by an ultrafast laser. It is found that the acoustic responses of the samples with a W reflective layer are much stronger than those with a Si or SiO₂ reflective layer. In addition, the W reflective layer generates extra photoacoustic waves, which can be utilized to improve the accuracy of velocity measurement. The thin film velocities we measured were 10∼24% less than the bulk value, and exhibited a strong dependence on the growth conditions and the microstructure of films.     

Influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of emulsion explosives

The desensitization degree of emulsion explosives （EE） was calculated with the peak pressure of explosion shock waves tested in water. To an explosive, the less the desensitization degree, the better the compression resistance, so the compression resistance of an explosive can be compared and analyzed quantificationally with the desensitization degree. The influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of EE was studied, including the content and category of emulsifiers. Three kinds of emulsifiers （Span-80, compound emulsifier, and T-152） were used in the tests. The experimental results show that both the content and category of emulsifiers make a great effect on the pressure desensitization of EE. The desensitization degree of EE reduces with the emulsifier content being increased, but there is an optimal content of an emulsifier for the compression resistance of EE. While the content of Span-80 reaches 4wt%, the desensitization degree of EE becomes a minimal value, and augments somewhat if the emulsifier content is increased more. That is to say, the compression resistance of EE becomes the highest while the content of Span-80 is 4wt%, and the compression resistance will decline if the content of Span-80 is increased more. The compression resistance of the explosive emulsified by compound emulsifier is the highest among all the explosives, when the content of the whole components and manufacturing engineering are kept invariable.     

基于联合试验装置的TCR阀高电压试验方式损耗分析

详尽分析了晶闸管控制电抗器(Thyristor Controlled Reactor,TCR)阀高电压试验方式的电路拓扑与工作原理,采用对损耗分类的方法对TCR阀高电压试验方式下各类损耗进行了详细定义,并给出了各类损耗的计算公式.在此基础上,结合高电压试验方式中TCR阀的工作时序分析了试品阀开通1次的总能量损耗及辅助阀开通1次的总能量损耗.针对同一算例的损耗分析结果与EMTDC仿真结果比较表明,在TCR阀高电压试验方式下该损耗分析方法可给出比PSCAD/EMTDC仿真更准确、更全面的结果.     

油田有载调容变压器节能控制系统的开发

本文针对变压器在抽油机需要起动时提供大的电磁容量．在正常运行时提供小的电磁容量这现象，提出了经理论计算优化变压器的铁心和绕组结构，并采用PLC自动控制有载调容开关，实现有载调容和无功补偿的配电变压器节能控制系统。