Formation of surface coating on milling balls during milling of Cr powders

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球磨过程中的碰撞行为分析

本文通过对行星球磨过程的分析，研究了行星球磨过程中的磨球碰撞行为，建立了球磨工艺参数与磨球运动速度。平均自由程及碰撞频率的理论关系。结果表明：随球磨转速提高，磨球运动速度和碰撞频率将增大，装料量一定时，提高球料比，磨球运动速率和平均自由程都将减小，碰撞频率增大，装料量和球料比一定时，磨球半径愈小，磨球运动的平均自由程减减小，碰撞频率增大。     

Application of optical transmission interferometry for in-situ structural investigations of titanium dioxide sputter-deposited coatings

Titanium dioxide coatings (from 0.1 to 1.5 μm thick) have been dc sputter-deposited on glass slides from titanium targets in various Ar-O₂ reactive gas mixtures. Deposition rate and optical properties were controlled in-situ by optical transmission interferometry (OTI) with an optical fibre located behind the glass substrate in order to perform a real-time control of transmittance of the growing film. Thus, it is possible to determine in-situ the optical indices (n, k) and the thickness of the as-deposited film by using a simple simulation, developed on Matlab software. The optical properties of the films were investigated in relation to their structure, which depends on the sputtering conditions adopted. In particular, the effects of the sputtering pressure (working pressure and oxygen partial pressure), the discharge power and the substrate location into the reactor are investigated in detail. Films structure is assessed by standard grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD).     

机械球磨Al-10%Ti粉末的组织和热稳定性

研究了机械球磨方法制备的Al-10%Ti混合粉末的组织和热稳定性.结果表明:在球磨作用下,Al, Ti粉末的颗粒尺寸得到有效细化,并且球磨时间越长,Al/Ti粉末储备能量越大,生成Al-Ti金属间化合物所需的反应激活能越低,内能的增加和扩散能力的提高是由于机械球磨导致了大量的晶格缺陷;Al-10%Ti混合粉末反应烧结后相互扩散形成的最终产物是DO22-Al3Ti.     

基于UGNX的五坐标数控编程后处理程序开发应用

针对UGNX平台下的五坐标数控铣削编程后处理程序开发,以PostBuilder为环境,详细介绍了其五坐标数控铣削机床的后处理程序开发的关键技术,包括PostBuilder后处理开发模式、五坐标机床运动学原理配置、TCL语言应用等方面,并以FIDIA KR214六坐标高速铣削加工中心的后处理开发为实例进行应用说明。     

Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based alloys

Mg-based alloys have been made by mechanical alloying Mg with some transition and non-transition elements. The thermal stability and hydrogen storage properties have been investigated. It was found that mechanical alloying results in a supersaturated solid solution of some elements in the Mg phase. Thermal annealing and/or hydrogenation cause irreversible decomposition of supersaturated solid solution leading to a composite of Mg or MgH₂ with other phase(s) depending on the composition and contents. Therefore, the plateau pressure or thermodynamic properties of hydrogen absorption/desorption of the supersaturated solid solution are no different from that of the Mg composite. While in some equilibrium systems, the formation of Mg solid solution is reversible upon hydrogenation/dehydrogenation. The plateau pressure of the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation is increased due to the interaction of the alloying elements with the Mg lattice in the solid solution. The Mg–Li system is an exception because of the formation of stable LiH upon hydrogenation of Mg(Li) solid solution. No interaction takes place between Mg or MgH₂ with LiH, therefore, no destabilization of MgH₂ is observed.     

Feasibility study of the minimum quantity lubrication in high-speed end milling of NAK80 hardened steel by coated carbide tool

High-speed milling of hardened steels generates high cutting temperature and leads to detrimental effects on tool life and workpiece surface finish. In this paper, feasibility study of the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in high-speed end milling of NAK80 hardened steel by coated carbide tool was undertaken. Flood cooling and dry cutting experiments were conducted also for comparison. It is found that cutting under flood cooling condition results in the shortest tool life due to severe thermal cracks while the use of MQL leads to the best performance. MQL is beneficial to tool life both in the lower speed cutting and the higher speed cutting conditions. A less viscous oil of MQL is essential in high cutting speed so that cooling effect can be effective. SEM micrograph of the insert shows that the use of MQL in high-speed cutting can delay welding of chips on the tool and hence prolongs tool life as compared with dry cutting condition. The application of MQL also improves machined surface finish in high-speed milling of die steels.     

Quality improvement of ball-end milled sculptured surfaces by ball burnishing

In this paper, the use of the ball burnishing process to improve the final quality of form tools (moulds and dies) is studied. This process changes the roughness of the previously ball-end milled surfaces, achieving the finishing requirements for plastic injection moulds and stamping dies. Ball burnishing can be easily applied in the same machining centres as those used for milling. In this way, both lead times and production costs can be dramatically reduced.

Both the burnishing system and its main parameters are taken into account, considering their influence on finishing. Workpiece surface integrity is ensured due to the surface smoothing effect of process and the associated cold working. Examples of different materials, machined surfaces, and industrial applications are explained, with respect to the maximum and mean surface roughness achieved.

The main conclusion is that using a large radial depth of cut in the previous ball-end milling operation, together with a small radial depth during burnishing can produce acceptable final roughness. Savings of production times are high, as burnishing is applied using the maximum linear feed of the machine, while milling must be made at moderate feeds. Moreover, ball burnishing NC programming is less critical and needs less care in its definition than CAM for milling.     

XK717数控铣床主轴系统的热特性分析

建立了主轴系统与普通水箱之间的冷却模型，并结合有限元方法，对XK717数控铣床主轴系统进行了热特性分析，得出了水箱设计参数和冷却泵的流量对铣床主轴系统热特性的影响规律，从而为数控铣床主轴冷却系统的设计提供了理论依据，具有一定的指导意义。     

原位TiC颗粒增强铸造钢基复合材料制备工艺

利用钢液自身的高温直接引燃压入其中的Ti-C-Fe预制块，原位合成TiC增强颗粒，然后，对含有TiC颗粒的钢液进行铸造形成，即可获得TiC颗粒增强钢基复合材料。着重研究了钢液温度、合成的TiC颗粒含量以及钢液保温时间对复合材料组织的影响。在此基础上，优化了复合材料的制备工艺参数，并制备出了具有较理想组织的复合材料。