Water flux,DSC, and cytotoxicity characterization of membranes of cellulose acetate produced from sugar cane bagasse,using PEG 600

Summary In this article, cellulose acetate produced through the homogeneous acetylation of sugar cane bagasse cellulose was used to produce membranes, using poly(ethyleneglycol) 600 (PEG 600) as an admixture. The membranes were characterized using water flux measurements (Payne’s cup), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and neutral red uptake (cytotoxicity). The results showed that PEG 600 acts as a crystallinity inductor and/or pore former in the cellulose acetate matrix. The induction of crystallinity is important for this system since it had not been reported on the literature yet. The results also demonstrated that the studied membranes present a nontoxic behavior.     

Nitrogen fixation associated with grasses and cereals: Recent progress and perspectives for the future

Over the last 20 years many new species of N₂-fixing bacteria have been discovered in association with grasses, cereals and other non-nodulating crops. Virtually all of these bacteria are microaerophylic, fixing N₂ only in the presence of low partial pressures of oxygen. Until a few years ago much attention was focussed on members the genusAzospirillum and it was assumed that N₂ fixation was restricted to the rhizosphere or rhizoplane of the host plants. Through the use of N balance and¹⁵N techniques it has been shown that in the case of lowland rice, several tropical pasture grasses and especially sugar cane, the contributions of biological N₂ fixation (BNF) are of agronomic significance.More detailed study of the N₂-fixing bacteria associated with sugar cane (Acetobacter diazotrophicus andHerbaspirillum spp.) has shown that they occur in high numbers not only in roots of this crop but also in the stems, leaves and trash but are rarely found in the soil. Some of these endophytic diazotrophs have now also been found in forage grasses, cereals, sweet potato and cassava, although evidence of significant BNF contributions is still lacking.The identification of these endophytic diazotrophs as the organisms probably responsible for the high contributions of N₂ fixation observed in sugar cane suggests that it may be possible to attain significant BNF contributions in some other gramineae and perhaps root crops.     

GM（1，1）模型在广西糖产量预测中的应用

在分析广西糖业发展的基础上,以实际数据为基础,建立了广西糖产量灰色预测模型,并将模型应用于广西未来糖产量的预测,认为该模型可用于对广西区糖产量进行预测.该模型误差较小,对决策有一定的参考价值.     

Electroless copper plating using Fe as a reducing agent

Although the electroless plating method is known to be an effective method for obtaining fine wiring in particular, 1 mol hydrogen gas is generated during 1 mol Cu deposition, and voids are generated in the wiring when electroless Cu plating is applied to fine wiring. To avoid the hydrogen evolution, the possibility of performing electroless Cu plating was confirmed using an inexpensive Fe^II compound as a reducing agent. The bath contains CuSO₄, FeSO₄, NaCl, ethylenediamine, sodium citrate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 2,2′-bipyridine. Under optimal conditions, over 1.7 μm of copper deposit with a smooth surface was obtained after 3 h of plating, which did not contain iron as an impurity. The electrical resistivity of the copper film is about 3-4 μΩ cm corresponding to that of electroplated copper films.     

木糖醇的合成、应用及市场前景

介绍了木糖醇主要的两种合成方法：化学法和微生物法；对其在食品、医药等行业中的应用进行了阐述，并论述了木糖醇的市场前景。     

甜菜雄性不育系及保持系花期蛋白差异分析

为揭示甜菜雄性不育的原因,从蛋白质组学角度对甜菜细胞质雄性不育进行研究,利用双向电泳与MALDI-TOF-MS方法,对Owen型甜菜质核互作型雄性不育系DY5-CMS及同型保持系DY5-O花粉发育3个阶段(雄蕊原基分化期、四分体时期和单核时期)的花蕾蛋白差异表达进行研究．结果表明： 在雄蕊原基分化期花蕾中鉴定出6个差异蛋白,在四分体时期鉴定出4个差异蛋白,这些蛋白多数与呼吸和能量代谢有关,推测甜菜细胞质雄性不育可能是花粉发育早期(雄蕊原基分化期和四分体时期)与能量和呼吸代谢有关的蛋白表达上调导致呼吸和能量代谢紊乱造成的;在花粉发育的单核时期鉴定出6个差异蛋白,这些蛋白主要与植物的光合作用有关,推测到花粉发育后期雄性不育性状已形成,雄性不育导致植物光合机能下降．     

国内钢管企业应正确选用张力减径工艺和设备

针对国内一些地方企业应用张力减径工艺和设备存在的偏差,指出应正确选用张力减径工艺,不能把经过张力减径的焊管称为无缝钢管。张力减径设备从设计到制造都有严格的要求,若选用不当,则达不到减径功能,难以生产出合格的产品。     

液压流体脉动主动控制研究现状与展望

液压流体脉动对液压系统的性能与可靠性影响很大。为了减小甚至消除液压流体脉动,各国学者在这方面做了大量工作,提出了各种主动及被动消振策略,取得了很好的消振效果。本文介绍液压流体脉动产生机理及危害、主动消振策略、目前的研究现状以及主要控制算法,提出了可能的研究方向,并对应用前景进行展望。     

减振降噪阻尼材料及其应用

介绍国内外减振材料的发展概况、着重阐述自行研制的S2复合阻尼钢板的各种性能及在多种结构上的抑振降噪效果，并对S2复合阻尼钢板的抑振降噪机理进行了初步的探讨。实践证明，S2复合阻尼钢板是一种抑振降噪的有效材料。     

水利现代化对广西蔗糖业发展的影响分析

广西是糖料蔗主产区,目前正大力推进高产高糖糖料蔗基地建设,水利现代化建设是其中的重要内容。系统分析水利现代化对蔗糖产业的影响,并就加快蔗区水利现代化建设提出了建议。