酸预处理—酶水解法从木薯秆中提取糖的研究

研究了"酸预处理-酶水解"提取法从木薯茎秆中提取糖的工艺及效果,对比了盐酸和甲酸的预处理效果和酶水解条件对还原糖产率的影响.研究结果表明:盐酸预处理的效果优于甲酸预处理,在合理的实验条件下,相对于木薯秆绝干原料质量的最高还原糖得率为26.1%.     

贮藏期甜高粱形状与总糖含量的研究

甜高粱茎秆的贮藏关系到加工延长榨期,以达到糖分的充分利用。为延长甜高粱茎秆的贮藏期并确定最长存放时间,以新高粱9号(T601)茎秆收割后采取井型去叶去穗、带叶去穗堆放2种不同储存方式进行储藏试验,并研究了秸秆贮存过程中糖分、水分、湿度和温度等因素的变化规律。结果表明:甜高粱茎杆去叶去穗的各种贮藏方式温湿度都低于带叶去穗的各种贮藏方式,这样可以有效的减少霉变情况的产生,有利于贮藏。茎秆总糖含量与水分有密切的关系,糖分随着失水而升高,一般进入冻结期糖分上升速度减慢,解冻后又开始升高。根据各储藏方式对于秸秆形状变化可以初步确定,带叶去穗的贮藏方式最佳贮藏时间为2个月,而去叶去穗的贮藏方式能有效的延长贮藏期到5个月。     

碱预处理对慈竹机械浆酶解的影响

以慈竹机械浆为研究对象,分别采用NaOH和NaOH加H2O2两种方法对原料进行预处理,考察预处理条件对酶解还原糖产率的影响。得到NaOH最佳预处理条件为:预处理温度90℃、固液比1∶5g/mL、时间2h、NaOH用量12%(g/g绝干)。在此最佳条件下,慈竹机械浆半纤维素保留率为87.92%、纤维素保留率为90.29%、木质素脱除率为43.24%;在pH4.8、加酶量20FPU/g预处理后底物、反应温度50℃的条件下酶解24h,还原糖产率为30.36%。扫描电镜观察显示,经碱性预处理过的慈竹机械浆变得粗糙而多孔,增加了纤维素酶的吸附位点,酶解速率加快。     

Free-radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of wild edible mushrooms from northeast Portugal: Individual cap and stipe activity

The antioxidant properties of two wild edible mushroom species from the northeast of Portugal, Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray and Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quél., were evaluated. Methanolic extracts from the entire mushroom, the cap and the stipe, separately, were screened for their reducing power and free radical scavenging capacity by chemical assays. The total phenolic content was determined, in order to assess its effect on the extract’s antioxidant activity. Both two species showed antioxidant potential; but L. deliciosus proved to be more active. The portion of the mushroom used had an influence on the results obtained, with the cap methanolic extracts exhibiting the greatest antioxidant effect.     

用超滤法研究甜菜糖品中的色素

本研究用超滤法分离甜菜糖浆与废蜜中高分子量色素,用高压液相色谱仪测定比较糖浆废蜜及其滤液与合成色素峰形,用紫外光谱仪测定色值国际单位,对试验结果进行了讨论。     

普洱茶茶褐素对高糖饮食大鼠糖脂代谢关键酶及组织切片的影响

目的:以普洱茶茶褐素为研究对象,研究普洱茶茶褐素对高糖饮食大鼠糖脂代谢关键指标以及肝脏、胰腺组织病理切片的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠60只,按体重、血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖无显著性差异分为6组(n=10):正常对照组、高糖模型组、阳性(罗格列酮)对照组、茶褐素低、中、高剂量组(即给药量分别为0.281、0.562、1.124 g/kg·bw)。实验动物每天定时给药,自由摄食和饮水,正常对照组喂以基础饲料和饮用蒸馏水,其他各组都以高糖饲料喂养和饮用15%果糖水,共喂养9周。测定大鼠血清糖脂代谢指标,通过电子显微镜观察大鼠肝脏、胰腺病理变化的影响。结果:干预期结束后,与高糖模型组相比,茶褐素能抑制高糖饮食大鼠血清中FINS、HOMA-IR、LPL、SCD-1、FAS、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6(p<0.05)水平的升高,降低HOMA-β、HSL、FFA、LEP水平;能有效增加高糖饮食大鼠GK、HMG-COA、HOMA-IS(p<0.05)水平,增加PK、FACL水平;大鼠肝脏和胰腺HE染色后,在显微镜下观察高糖模型组都有一定程度的病变,灌胃茶褐素后得到改善,说明普洱茶茶褐素可以降低高糖饮食大鼠肝脏脂质沉积和胰岛损害的程度,预防高血糖症的发生。结论:茶褐素能够调节高糖饮食大鼠糖脂代谢关键酶活性,加速高糖饮食大鼠脂质代谢,降低高糖饮食大鼠胰岛损害的程度。     

快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定白砂糖中的丙烯酰胺

建立了白砂糖中丙烯酰胺的快速液相色谱-串联质谱(RRLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,浓缩后用RRLC-MS/MS分析,采用电喷雾离子化(ESI+)及多反应监测模式(MRM)进行测定,用13C3-丙烯酰胺内标法进行定量。测定结果显示:在10～200 ng/mL内,标准曲线呈良好的线性关系(R2=1),样品加标平均回收率为100.5%～108.1%,定量检测限为10μg/kg,方法精密度RSD≤5.67%。     

声光可调-NIR法预测烟草中的总烟碱、总糖、还原糖和总氮

采用声光可调(AOTF)-近红外光谱(NIR)仪和Unscrambler化学计量学光谱分析软件,通过旋转扫描的方式测定了534个不同年份、不同地区、不同等级国产烤烟烟叶样品的NIR,采用PLS1建立了测定烟草中总烟碱、总糖、还原糖和总氮的校正模型,并用这些模型对41个未知烤烟烟叶样品进行了预测。结果表明:总烟碱、总糖、还原糖和总氮含量的NIR预测模型的决定系数R2分别为0.9869、0.9851、0.9733和0.9721,预测的平均相对偏差分别为4.21%、2.23%、2.91%和3.60%。AOTF-NIR技术适用于烟草中总烟碱、总糖、还原糖和总氮含量的快速分析。     

Pulsed electric fields and their impact on the diffusion characteristics of potato slices

Mass transfer in potato slices and strips after Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) treatment was examined to evaluate potential application of PEF in potato processing. PEF treatment on cell material leads to pore formation in cell membrane and thus modifies diffusion of intra- and extracellular media. Results showed enhanced release of intracellular molecules from permeabilized tissue as well as improved uptake of low molecular substances into the sample. Sugar, one substrate for the Maillard reaction, was decreased in PEF treated potatoes, while conductivity increased after electroporation and soaking in sodium chloride solution, indicating the improved diffusion of salt caused by PEF. Higher release of cell liquid during drying of PEF treated potatoes was noticed in comparison to untreated potato slices. This effect increased with the treatment intensity. Furthermore, it was revealed that PEF application leads to a distinct reduction of fat content after deep fat frying and thus provides a potential for the production of low-fat French fries. It can be presumed that PEF is a capable assistance to thermal treatments in the processing of potato chips or French fries for the achievement of structural modifications and improved process conditions.     

关于白砂糖电导灰分偏高的原因分析

分析灰分超标白砂糖灰分成份,并通过试验室模拟试验与分析主要灰分成份在澄清过程变化,探讨白砂糖灰分超标的主要原因,为糖厂降低白砂糖灰分提供理论依据。