不同品种烤烟成熟期糖代谢酶活性及基因的表达分析

为了探究不同品种烤烟成熟期糖代谢的变化规律,明确烟叶品质形成的分子作用机理。以烤烟品种秦烟96、豫烟6号和K326为试验材料,测定分析了烤烟成熟期水溶性糖组分（葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、还原糖和可溶性总糖）含量、糖代谢关键酶活性及基因表达的变化。结果表明,3个品种烤烟水溶性糖组份含量变化趋势基本一致,各水溶性糖（蔗糖除外）含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,烟叶成熟时其含量达到峰值;蔗糖含量呈双峰波动,烟叶成熟时蔗糖含量较低。烟叶打顶至适熟阶段,SPS和AI酶活性对烟叶中水溶性糖的积累贡献最大,NtINV对烟叶糖代谢起主要调控作用;当烟叶由适熟至过熟时,AI酶活性主要参与烟叶糖代谢活动,而SS和SPS则对蔗糖积累起重要作用,NtSS和NtSPS对烟叶糖代谢起主要调控作用。同一生态环境和栽培条件下,豫烟6号内含物质充实,具有较高的水溶性糖分含量,SPS和AI酶活性的差异可能是造成烟叶糖组分及含量不同的重要原因。     

In vitro β‐Carotene Bioaccessibility and Lipid Digestion in Emulsions: Influence of Pectin Type and Degree of Methyl‐Esterification

Citrus pectin (CP) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) were demethoxylated and fully characterized in terms of pectin properties in order to investigate the influence of the pectin degree of methyl‐esterification (DM) and the pectin type on the in vitro β‐carotene bioaccessibility and lipid digestion in emulsions. For the CP based emulsions containing β‐carotene enriched oil, water and pectin, the β‐carotene bioaccessibility, and lipid digestion were higher in the emulsions with pectin with a higher DM (57%; “CP57 emulsion”) compared to the emulsions with pectin with a lower DM (30%; “CP30 emulsion”) showing that the DM plays an important role. In contrast, in SBP‐based emulsions, nor β‐carotene bioaccessibility nor lipid digestion were dependent on pectin DM. Probably here, other pectin properties are more important factors. It was observed that β‐carotene bioaccessibility and lipid digestion were lower in the CP30 emulsion in comparison with the CP57, SBP32, and SBP58 emulsions. However, the β‐carotene bioaccessibility of CP57 emulsion was similar to that of the SBP emulsions, whereas the lipid digestion was not. It seems that pectin type and pectin DM (in case of CP) are determining which components can be incorporated into micelles. Because carotenoids and lipids have different structures and polarities, their incorporation may be different. This knowledge can be used to engineer targeted (digestive) functionalities in food products. If both high β‐carotene bioaccessibility and high lipid digestion are targeted, SBP emulsions are the best options. The CP57 emulsion can be chosen if high β‐carotene bioaccessibility but lower lipid digestion is desired.     

苯酚—硫酸法测定仁东大蒜中的总糖

对大蒜总糖的提取条件进行优化,研究表明,6 mol/L提取剂盐酸的量为10.0 mL、加入蒸馏水15 mL、提取时间为30min沸水浴加热时为最佳提取条件。以葡萄糖为对照,采用苯酚-硫酸做为显色剂,对该法从检测波长、显色剂用量、显色时间、显色温度等方面进行最佳显色条件的研究。结果显示,最佳显色条件为精密吸取对照品溶液和供试品溶液0.2 mL,加蒸馏水至2.0 mL,加入浓度为5%苯酚1.0 mL,迅速滴加浓硫酸5.0 mL,室温25℃放置5 min后摇匀,沸水浴加热15 min,冷却至室温25℃,在最大吸收波长490 nm处测定吸光度。该方法的线性范围为5.05μg/mL~40.4μg/mL,标准溶液和试样的精密度RSD分别为1.58%和1.08%,加标回收率为95.74%~98.28%。该方法用于玉林仁东等9种不同产地的大蒜总糖含量的测定,得大蒜中总糖的含量为170.0 mg/g~220.0 mg/g。     

响应面法优化慈姑甘蔗汁复合澄清剂

以透光率为指标,利用响应面试验优化慈姑甘蔗汁的复合澄清剂配方,实验得出慈姑甘蔗汁澄清的最佳工艺条件为:瓜尔豆胶用量0.06％,明胶用量0.20％,羧甲基纤维素钠用量0.25％.用优选方案所制备的慈姑甘蔗复合饮料的透光率为89.438％,澄清效果好.     

Expression Patterns of Sugar Transporter Genes in the Allocation of Assimilates and Abiotic Stress in Lily

During the growth cycle of lilies, assimilates undergo a process of accumulation, consumption and reaccumulation in bulbs and are transported and allocated between aboveground and underground organs and tissues. The sink–source relationship changes with the allocation of assimilates, affecting the vegetative growth and morphological establishment of lilies. In this study, the carbohydrate contents in different tissues of five critical stages during lily development were measured to observe the assimilates allocation. The results showed bulbs acted as the main source to provide energy before the budding stage (S3); after the flowering stage (S4), bulbs began to accumulate assimilates as a sink organ again. During the period when the plant height was 30cm with leaf-spread (S2), leaves mainly accumulated assimilates from bulbs through the symplastic pathway, while when leaves were fully expanded, it transformed to export carbohydrates. At the S4 stage, flowers became a new active sink with assimilates influx. To further understand the allocation of assimilates, 16 genes related to sugar transport and metabolism (ST genes) were identified and categorized into different subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis, and their protein physicochemical properties were also predicted. Tissue-specific analysis showed that most of the genes were highly expressed in stems and petals, and it was mainly the MST (monosaccharide transporter) genes that were obviously expressed in petals during the S4 stage, suggesting that they may be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in flowers and thus affect flower development process. LoSWEET14 (the Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) was significantly correlated with starch in scales and with soluble sugar in leaves. Sugar transporters LoHXT6 and LoSUT1 were significantly correlated with soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in the accumulation and transportation of assimilates in lilies. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of ST genes under different abiotic stresses, and the results showed that all genes were significantly upregulated. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on molecular mechanism of sink–source change and response to abiotic stresses in lilies.     

甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中PR基因的诱导表达

以抗病性不同的4个甜菜品种为材料,分别接种BNYVV,研究甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和诱导几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达及其与抗丛根病的关系。结果表明：BNYVV不同程度地诱导了4个甜菜品种几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的提高,抗病品种比感病品种具有较高的几丁质酶和β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,并且抗病品种的酶活性高峰出现的时间早于感病品种;抗病品种的几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达均早于感病品种,表达量大于感病品种,且持续的时间较感病品种长。BNYVV不同程度地诱导甜菜病程相关蛋白基因的表达,从而有效激活了甜菜抗病防御反应系统,提高了甜菜抗病性。     

离子色谱法测定白砂糖中氟的含量

本文建立离子色谱法测定白砂糖中氟含量的方法。采用IonPac AS18阴离子色谱柱分离,氢氧化钾溶液等度淋洗,抑制电导检测。仪器检出限为0.02 mg/L,加标回收率为99.21%～101.1%,相对标准偏差0.82%～1.23%（n=6）。结果表明,方法简便快速准确。     

簕菜青钱柳复合多糖饮料研制及体外抗氧化降血糖作用

目的 优化簕菜青钱柳复合多糖饮料配方,并评价其体外抗氧化活性和降血糖作用.方法 以对 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为评价指标,确定簕菜多糖与青钱柳多糖的最佳配比;以感官评分和离心沉淀率为评价指标,通过单因素实验、响应面实验和正交实验,优化簕菜青钱柳复合多糖饮料的最佳配方;对复合多糖饮料进行体外抗氧化及降血糖功能相关指标的测定....     

离子色谱-脉冲安培法检测卷烟主流烟气中的 6 种水溶性糖

阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖和果糖是卷烟主流烟气中的6种主要水溶性糖。采用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法对这6种水溶性糖进行了分离测定。优化了样品提取方法。捕集在剑桥滤片上的主流烟气中的水溶性糖用20 mg/L NaN3水溶液超声提取45 min,在分析前无需进行其它前处理。用2.5 mmol/L NaOH作为流动相在CarboPac PA20色谱柱上实现了对6种糖的有效分离。6种水溶性糖的的检测限在2.47-9.82 μg/L之间,线性相关系数均大于0.999,日内精密度小于5.0%,日间精密度小于6.9%,高、中、低三种添加水平的回收率在97.1%-102.4%之间。方法成功应用于多个牌号卷烟样品的检测。在所测定的样品中,6种水溶性糖的含量在36.17 ？g/支和119.5μg/支之间。果糖含量最高,为24.63-74.66μg/支。其次为葡萄糖,为8.09-38.09 μg/支。果糖和葡萄糖占了6种糖总量的90.5-94.7%。     

食品中还原糖含量测量的不确定度评估

根据JJF1059-999《测定不确定度的评定与表示》和GB／T5009．7——2003食品中还原糖含量的测定原理，建立不确定度的数学模型。系统分析并计算食品中还原糖测量全过程的不确定度各分量、结果标准不确定度及扩展不确定度．此方法适用于评估食品中还原糖含量的不确定度。