地沟油水解法基于浮选的再生技术研究*

本文选择食堂废弃的地沟油为研究对象,通过控制水解条件,获得不同性质的地沟油改性捕收剂。分别探究温度、催化剂、乳化剂用量等因素对地沟油水解的影响规律,确定其最佳的改性条件。采用接触角测定表征地沟油的改性效果,通过比较地沟油改性捕收剂在固废浮选方面的应用效果。结果表明地沟油改性剂具有一定的捕收作用,在浮选分离领域,可替代传统脂肪酸类捕收剂及非极性烃类捕收剂的使用。     

氯乙烯生产过程中"三废"的处理

介绍了氯乙烯生产过程中触媒废气、氯乙烯废水、酸性废水、碱性废水、精馏尾气及高沸物的处理方法.经过处理,减少了废水和废气的排放量,回收了氯乙烯,既达到了清洁生产的目的又降低了物料消耗.     

Zirconium mesostructures immobilized in calcium alginate for phosphate removal

Eutrophication caused by the excessive supply of phosphate to water bodies has been considered as one of the most important environmental problems. In this study, the powder of zirconium mesostructure (ZM), which was prepared with the template of surfactant, was immobilized in calcium alginate for practical application and the resulting material was tested to evaluate the phosphate removal efficiency. Sorption isotherms and kinetic parameters were obtained by using the entrapped ZM beads with 30 to 60% of ZM. The maximum sorption capacity increased with the higher ZM content. Q _max in Langmuir isotherm was 51.74 mg/g for 60% of ZM with 7 mm of size. The smaller the particle size of the ZM beads, the faster the rate of phosphate removal, because the phosphate ions had less distance to reach the internal pores of the immobilized ZM beads. Chemical and electrochemical regeneration techniques were compared. Phosphates adsorbed on the ZM beads were effectively desorbed with NaCl, NaOH, and Na₂SO₄ solutions. An electrochemical regeneration system consisting of an anion exchange membrane between two platinum-coated titanium electrodes was successfully used to desorb and regenerate the phosphate-saturated ZM beads. Complete regeneration was reached under optimal experimental conditions. Chemical and electrochemical regeneration proved the reusability of the bead form of the entrapped ZM, and will enhance the economical performance of the phosphate treatment process.     

热氧处理聚丙烯粉料DSC结晶参数研究

给出了一种采用DSC结晶参数评估聚丙烯回收料降解程度的方法。实验结果表明,随着热氧处理时间的增加,结晶峰温（Tpc）、外推结晶起始温度（Teic）、结晶起始温度（Tic）和结晶热焓（ΔHc）都逐渐下降,且呈现出较好的规律性。可以利用这种规律对聚丙烯回收料的降解程度做定量评估。     

A regenerable Fe/AC desulfurizer for SO2 adsorption at low temperatures

A novel regenerable Fe/activated coke (AC) desulfurizer prepared by impregnation of Fe(NO₃)₃ on an activated coke was investigated. Experiment results showed that at 200 °C the SO₂ adsorption capacity of the Fe/AC was higher than that of AC or Fe₂O₃. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) revealed that H₂SO₄ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ were generated on the desulfurizer upon adsorption of SO₂. Effect of desulfurization temperature was also investigated which revealed that with increasing temperature from 150 to 250 °C, the SO₂ removal ability gradually increases. The used Fe/AC can be regenerated by NH₃ at 350 °C to directly form solid ammonium-sulfate salts.     

5-硝基苯并咪唑酮在铜网电极上还原制备5-氨基苯并咪唑酮

研究了以5-硝基苯并咪唑酮为原料在铜网电极上还原制备5-氨基苯并咪唑酮的反应。循环伏安结果表明5-硝基苯并咪唑酮的电化学还原是一受扩散控制的不可逆反应;探讨了电极材料、电流密度、温度和通电量对产物产率的影响,在最优条件下5-氨基苯并咪唑酮的产率可达93%;电解液连续套用10次后,5-氨基苯并咪唑酮产率仍然可以维持在93%左右,与新鲜电解液效果相当。     

Ionic liquids for CO2 capture—Development and progress

Innovative off-the-shelf CO₂ capture approaches are burgeoning in the literature, among which, ionic liquids seem to have been omitted in the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) survey. Ionic liquids (ILs), because of their tunable properties, wide liquid range, reasonable thermal stability, and negligible vapor pressure, are emerging as promising candidates rivaling with conventional amine scrubbing. Due to substantial solubility, room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are quite useful for CO₂ separation from flue gases. Their absorption capacity can be greatly enhanced by functionalization with an amine moiety but with concurrent increase in viscosity making process handling difficult. However this downside can be overcome by making use of supported ionic-liquid membranes (SILMs), especially where high pressures and temperatures are involved. Moreover, due to negligible loss of ionic liquids during recycling, these technologies will also decrease the CO₂ capture cost to a reasonable extent when employed on industrial scale. There is also need to look deeply into the noxious behavior of these unique species. Nevertheless, the flexibility in synthetic structure of ionic liquids may make them opportunistic in CO₂ capture scenarios.     

Formation of coke from propene over 5A adsorbents – influence of the binder on the coke composition, location and removal

Coke formation from propene was investigated at 623 K and P_propene=100 kPa on a pure 5A zeolite and an industrial adsorbent (5A zeolite 80 wt.%–binder 20 wt.%). The composition and location of coke molecules were determined as a function of time on stream. Coking on the pure zeolite was faster than on the industrial adsorbent. This result is mainly due to the trapping of coke precursors by the binder, and consequently a significant decrease in the amount of coke on the zeolite present in the adsorbent. While the coke deposited on the binder is very polyaromatic, the carbonaceous compounds formed on the zeolite and on the adsorbent are constituted at low coke content by mono-, bi-, tri- and tetra-alkyl aromatic components, and these compounds are sterically blocked in the -cages of the 5A zeolite. At high coke content, very heavy polyaromatic compounds appear and are certainly located on the external surface of the zeolite crystallites. Adsorption measurements of both samples show that coke is heterogeneously distributed in the zeolite pores. Whatever be the adsorbent, the partial oxidation of coke on highly coked samples caused an increase in the adsorption capacity. The first few steps of regeneration of coked samples remove the heavy polyaromatic molecules responsible for the pore blockage and thus liberate the pores which are not occupied by coke molecules.     

三相生物流化床的相含率及气液传质性能研究

采用内循环三相生物流化床,用清水进行了在不同活性炭载体加入量下,当进气量改变时流化床内的气液传质性能的实验,认为当Ug≥0.75m^3/h时,随着气体流量增加,可改善流化床的氧传质效率,缩短循环时间和混合时间,提高气含率,但过高的气体流量（Ug≥1.1m^3/h）并不利于流化床的操作。载体加入量增加,会导致氧传递性能下降,循环时间和混合时间缩短,气含率减小。     

壁流式微粒过滤器电加热再生自动控制系统的研究

在前期对壁流式陶瓷微粒过滤器电加热分区再生方法进行完善的基础上,对自动控制系统进行了研究。介绍了再生方法、控制方案的选择、控制系统（数字ＣＭＯＳ电路）的设计原理等,并进行了分区、定时自动再生试验。试验表明,研制的再生自动控制系统设计合理、运行可靠。对于一些运行有规律的车辆（如城市公共汽车、码头、车站内用柴油机车辆、工程机械等）来说,只要能合理确定再生间隔,该再生系统具有一定的实用性。