镍基均相络合催化剂苯加氢反应动力学研究

采用工业上应用较成功的HC-402-2型镍基均相Z iegler型络合催化剂,在排除扩散影响的条件下,研究了苯均相催化加氢制环己烷的反应动力学。在反应温度150~210℃、总压1.0~2.4MPa的范围内,考察了反应温度、氢分压和苯浓度对反应速率的影响。实验结果表明,苯加氢均相催化反应对苯浓度的反应级数为零级,对氢分压的反应级数为一级,反应活化能为36 435.27 J/mol。经检验,该动力学模型的相关系数大于0.9,模型合理,能够描述实际反应过程。     

高硫环烷基蜡油加氢生产芳香基橡胶增塑剂的试验研究

以高硫环烷基原油的减二线馏分油(高硫环烷基蜡油)为原料,采用自主研发的加氢处理、临氢降凝、补充精制催化剂,通过高压加氢工艺进行生产橡胶增塑剂A1004的试验研究,结果表明,通过三段高压加氢工艺可以得到符合GB/T 33322—2016指标要求的芳香基橡胶增塑剂A1004,收率约82%,芳碳率为11.2%。     

敏感价格区间内中间基减压蜡油加工方案对比

在50~100 USD/bbl(1 bbl≈0.133 t,以布伦特原油为基准)的国际原油价格下,对中间基沙特轻质原油 沙特重质原油(沙轻-沙重)的混合原油减压蜡油的不同加工方案进行了模拟研究,考察了流化催化裂化(FCC)、催化裂解(TMP)、催化柴油加氢-催化裂解(加氢 催化裂解,HTMP)和加氢裂化(HCR)对CO2排放、柴/汽比、基本化工原料和高价值产品收率等技术指标的影响,并进行了经济效益对比分析。结果表明：当原油价格处于中低价位(＜80 USD/bbl)时,采用产物分布中丙烯和高辛烷值汽油的收率之和高达60%的加氢-催化裂解方案可以降低柴/汽比,实现最短的资金回收周期;对于炼化一体化项目,采用加氢裂化方案可以获得最高的基本化工原料和高价值产品收率,当原油价格在中高价格(＞80 USD/bbl)范围内,采用HCR方案可以提高装置的经济效益和抗油价波动能力。     

减压渣油深度转化组合工艺及其供氢溶剂筛选

以减压渣油为原料,催化裂化加氢重循环油和工业馏分油窄馏分为供氢溶剂,采用溶剂脱沥青-液相加氢组合工艺,可将减压渣油高效转化为轻质油。结果表明:焦化蜡油（410～430 ℃）、FCC油浆（450～470 ℃）、糠醛抽出油（430～450 ℃）、重循环油（410～430 ℃）窄馏分的供氢能力依次为2.28,2.61,4.86,2.73 mg/g,远低于四氢萘（7.90 mg/g）,而加氢重循环油（0.948 7 g/cm3）供氢能力（7.42 mg/g）与后者相近;采用组合工艺,以加氢重循环油为供氢溶剂,减压渣油的综合转化率为90.84%,轻质油收率（质量分数）可达89.35%,焦炭得到有效抑制。     

Sonochemical Activation of Al/Ni Hydrogenation Catalyst

This paper proposes a sonochemical approach to the nanostructuring of Al/Ni catalyst with high content of accessible Ni centers and a high reusability. The surface and bulk composition as well as pore size distribution of this catalyst are controlled synergistically by adjusting the ultrasound intensity in aqueous solution. Sonochemical activation of Al/Ni alloy leads to formation of mesoporous Al/Ni metallic based frameworks with surface area up to 125 m² g^?1, and regular distribution of nickel active center in the porous matrix. One of the opportunities of porous Al/Ni catalyst is that due to a time‐resolved controllable formation of protective oxide layer it can be stored and handled under air in comparison to traditional Raney catalysts which need inert conditions. The Al/Ni catalyst is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confocal scanning fluorescence microscopy (CSFM), solid‐state NMR experiments, and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). The catalytic activity was investigated for the hydrogenation of acetophenone.     

硫磺回收装置中加氢水解反应器的动态模拟与优化

硫磺回收装置的工艺与处理能力,是炼油厂特别是加工含硫原油工厂实现绿色化工的重要标志。其原理是把硫化氢、二氧化硫通过CLAUS反应转化为硫磺,回收利用。而硫磺装置中加氢水解反应器的操作,是装置尾气能否达标的关键。本文通过动态模拟加氢水解反应器,改变进料和反应器的压力控制,提出最佳的操作条件。为实际装置的操作员提供仿真培训、故障诊断和开停车测试等离线优化操作;同时配合其它工具把模拟出的优化策略简化并且下装到远程串级模块中,进行DCS的在线优化。     

Exploring the Effects of the Interaction of Carbon and MoS2 Catalyst on CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

Hydrogenation of CO₂ to form methanol utilizing green hydrogen is a promising route to realizing carbon neutrality. However, the development of catalyst with high activity and selectivity to methanol from the CO₂ hydrogenation is still a challenge due to the chemical inertness of CO₂ and its characteristics of multi-path conversion. Herein, a series of highly active carbon-confining molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂@C) catalysts were prepared by the in-situ pyrolysis method. In comparison with the bulk MoS₂ and MoS₂/C, the stronger interaction between MoS₂ and the carbon layer was clearly generated. Under the optimized reaction conditions, MoS₂@C showed better catalytic performance and long-term stability. The MoS₂@C catalyst could sustain around 32.4% conversion of CO₂ with 94.8% selectivity of MeOH for at least 150 h.     

Zn对Cu-Zn-Al催化乙酸甲酯加氢反应的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Cu-Zn-Al催化剂,采用XRD、N₂等温吸附-脱附、SEM、H₂-TPR、XPS和ICP-OES等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果发现,Zn的加入降低了Cu-Zn-Al催化剂颗粒的团聚程度,提高了活性中心Cu组分的分散度。并且Zn含量的改变可以影响Cu组分的价态分布,进而影响其催化性能。当n(Cu)/n(Zn)=2/3时,n(Cu⁺)/n(Cu⁰)为1.04,Cu-Zn-Al对乙酸甲酯(MA)加氢反应具有最优的催化性能。在反应温度为240℃、反应压力为3.0 MPa、n(H₂)/n(MA)=20的最优条件下,Cu-Zn-Al催化乙酸甲酯反应中乙酸甲酯转化率为98.8%,甲醇和乙醇选择性分别为99.4%和98.7%。对Cu-Zn-Al催化剂进行300 h寿命测试,乙酸甲酯转化率一直稳定在98%以上,甲醇和乙醇选择性则分别保持在99%和98%左右。