浅析计算机病毒及防范的措施

计算机病毒已经渗透到信息社会的各个领域,给计算机系统带来了巨大的破坏和潜在的威胁。为了确保信息的安全与畅通,因此,研究计算机病毒的防范措施已迫在眉睫。本文从计算机的特点入手,来初步探讨对付计算机病毒的方法和措施。     

校园局域网中ARP病毒攻击分析与防治

随着计算机网络技术的发展,各种计算机病毒频繁出现,和计算机病毒作斗争已经成为网络管理员的首要任务。本文就引起局域网中的网络堵塞以及用户密码丢失等现象出现的ARP病毒攻击做了分析,提出了完善的防御方法。很好的杜绝了ARP病毒在局域网中的传播。     

基于系统文件补丁方法的Autorun型病毒根治技术

针对近年大量病毒均借助自动播放功能交叉感染和自动激活的客观实际,提出了一种基于系统外壳文件补丁方法的Autorun型病毒根治方案,并且给出了自动部署这种方案的简便方法,同时在此基础上实现了全新部署系统时的针对Autorun型病毒的先天加固。     

基于神经网络集成的Windows病毒检测方法研究

该文针对Win32PE病毒种类多,破坏力强的特点,提出一种基于神经网络集成的病毒检测方法。神经网络集成采用负相关学习方法进行训练,采用n-gram特征字统计方法得到病毒特征字,计算特征字信息条件熵,来选择作为训练样本的特征字。实验结果表明,神经网络集成改善了传统的特征字比对法不能识别新的病毒,容易被病毒制造者克服的缺点,在保证对Win32PE病毒较高的检测率的同时保持了较低的误检率。     

计算机病毒修改Windows操作系统注册表原理解析

修改注册表是Windows操作系统平台下的计算机病毒对系统进行感染和破坏时的常用手段,因此,对其修改注册表的基本原理进行研究,对防治Windows平台下的计算机病毒具有重要意义。该文将Windows平台下的计算机病毒分成宏病毒、脚本病毒、网页病毒和Win32 PE病毒4类,分别就它们对系统注册表实施修改的原理进行了分析,然后给出了利用系统注册表清除计算机病毒的一般方法,并简要列出了对系统注册表本身的几种常用的安全设置,在文章的最后讨论了Windows平台下计算机病毒修改注册表的共同特点。     

Contribution of laser microdissection-based technology to proteomic analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma developing on cirrhosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Proteomic studies provide opportunities to uncover targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. However, in HCC developing in a setting of cirrhosis, the detection of proteome alterations may be hampered by the increased cellular heterogeneity of tissue when analysing global liver homogenates. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the identification of proteome alterations in these HCC cases was improved when the differential protein profile between tumour and non-tumour areas of liver was determined using hepatocytes isolated by laser microdissection (LM). Differential profiles established with LM-hepatocytes and liver section homogenates using 2-DE and MS exhibited noticeable differences: 30% of the protein spots with deregulated expression in tumorous LM-samples did not display any modification in homogenates; conversely 15% of proteins altered in tumorous homogenates were not impaired in LM-hepatocytes. These alterations resulted from the presence in cirrhotic liver of fibrotic stroma which displayed a protein pattern different from that determined in LM-hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the interest of LM in distinguishing between fibrotic and hepatocyte proteome alterations and thus the benefit of LM to proteome studies of HCC developing in a context of cirrhosis.     

呼吸性粉尘监测及危害程度分级方法在露天矿山的应用

介绍由劳动部推行的矿山呼吸性粉尘监测及危害程度分级方法在露天矿山应用的经验和体会，并对分级标准的修改和监测结果的应用提出了建议。     

Segmentation of virus particle candidates in transmission electron microscopy images

In this paper, we present an automatic segmentation method that detects virus particles of various shapes in transmission electron microscopy images. The method is based on a statistical analysis of local neighbourhoods of all the pixels in the image followed by an object width discrimination and finally, for elongated objects, a border refinement step. It requires only one input parameter, the approximate width of the virus particles searched for. The proposed method is evaluated on a large number of viruses. It successfully segments viruses regardless of shape, from polyhedral to highly pleomorphic.     

Bias in bacteriophage morphological classification by transmission electron microscopy due to breakage or loss of tail structures

Virtually every study that has used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to estimate viral diversity has acknowledged that loss of phage tails during sample preparation may have biased the results. However, the magnitude of this potential bias has yet to be constrained. To characterize biases in virus morphological diversity due to tail loss, six phage strains representing the order Caudovirales were inoculated into sterile sediments and soils. Phage particles were then extracted using standard methods. Morphologies of extracted phage particles were compared to those of unmanipulated control samples to determine the extent of tail breakage incurred by extraction procedures. Podoviruses exhibited the smallest frequency of tail loss during extraction (1.2-14%), myoviruses were moderately susceptible to tail breakage (15-40%), and siphoviruses were highly susceptible (32-76%). Thus, TEM assessments of viral diversity in soils or sediments by distribution of tail morphologies may be biased toward podoviruses and virions lacking tails, while simultaneously underestimating the abundance of siphoviruses. However, since the majority of viral capsids observed under TEM were intact, estimates of viral diversity based on the distribution of capsid diameters may provide a more reliable basis for morphological comparisons within and across ecosystems.     

The effect of hyperoxia on submaximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus

The e^ffects of hyperoxia on submaximal exercise with the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) were studied in 25 males. Each participant completed a graded exercise test for the determination of ventilatory threshold (VT) and then a submaximal practice trial with a normoxic gas mixture. The normoxic (20.93 ± 0.22% O₂ ; SUB₂₁) and hyperoxic (40.18 ± 0.73% O₂; SUB₄₀) submaximal trials were then administered in a random order. All exercise tests were completed on separate days while wearing firefighting gear and the SCBA. Compared with SUB₂₁, hyperoxia significantly reduced minute ventilation ([Vdot]_E ), mask pressure (P_mask), heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion, and perceived breathing distress. As expected, hemoglobin saturation remained higher (p<0.05) during SUB₄₀. The reductions in both [Vdot]_E and P_mask with hyperoxia imply a reduction in the work of breathing during exercise. Total gas consumption was 10.3 ± 8.1% lower during SUB₄₀ when compared to SUB₂₁, another finding that has significant practical implications for occupational safety.