WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites: Salt–ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity

A series of WO₃/TiO₂ composite photocatalysts were fabricated via a facile salt–ultrasonic assisted hydrothermal process. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning eletron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV–vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy. It was confirmed that anatase TiO₂ and monoclinic WO₃ coexisted in the composites. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared WO₃/TiO₂ composites for degradation of Rhodamin B (RhB) under visible light irradiation was investigated. The results showed that WO₃/TiO₂ composites have a higher photocatalytic activity than those of pure TiO₂ and pure WO₃. First-principle calculations based on density functional theory were performed to explore the electronic structure and illustrate the photocatalytic mechanism of WO₃/TiO₂. The calculated energy gap was 2.53 eV, which was close to the experimental observation (2.58 eV). Due to the combination of WO₃/TiO₂, the photoinduced electrons and holes transfer between the WO₃ and TiO₂ in opposite directions, thus providing sufficient charge separation, which contributed to the photocatalytic activity enhancement.     

RhB／SiO2凝胶的吸收与发射光谱

将有机染料若丹明B（RhB)以溶胶－凝胶方法镶嵌于SiO2凝胶载体中，测量了样品的吸收光谱和发光光谱。发现，以凝胶玻璃作载体，染料的集聚程度降低，发光光谱发生红移，认为，与凝胶介孔的弱极性环境和激发态分子的偶极矩的减小有关。     

Preparation of the anatase/TiO2(B) TiO2 by self-assembly process and the high photodegradable performance on RhB

The TiO₂ samples, synthesized with different addition amount of titanium source, have been prepared by a bottom-up method employing inverse lamellar micelles as the template in a surfactant molecular self-assembly process. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Photoluminescence spectra (PL), UV–vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) and photodegradable tests. The results show that all samples are biphases TiO₂ (anatase and TiO₂(B)). In addition, with the increment of titanium source, the microstructure of three samples have changed from small 3D aggregates to big 3D aggregates composed of 2D nanosheets, and the proportion of the anatase phase in three products and the specific surface area (BET) of the samples gradually increased, which not only can suppress the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and can also enhance the photodegradable performance and the adsorption performance of three products on organic pollutants RhB. The 2.5-TiO₂ Ss exhibited the best photodegradable performance among three samples. Meanwhile, the 2.5-TiO₂ Ss also had a good cycle stability and low performance loss (8%).     

TiO2∶Fe的制备及其在可见光下降解罗丹明B的催化性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法和水热法分别制备了锐钛矿的TiO2颗粒和TiO2纤维,并在可见光下降解罗丹明B以考察其催化性能,结果表明,TiO2颗粒的催化性能略好于TiO2纤维.通过溶胶-凝胶法原位复合一系列Fe以提高纯TiO2颗粒的催化性能,在可见光下降解罗丹明B的结果显示,添加质量分数为1％的TiO2 （TiO2∶1％ Fe）比纯TiO2的降解率提高10％.并进一步通过扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线能量色散谱分析得出TiO2：1％ Fe样品为颗粒状,并由Ti,O和Fe元素组成.     

g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

结合热缩聚法和水热法制备了g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合光催化剂,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氮气吸附-脱附曲线、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、光致发光光谱（PL）等分析测试技术对材料的结构和性能进行了表征,研究了材料光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）的效果。结果表明,与纯Bi₂MoO₆相比,g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料提高了对可见光的吸收能力,减小了带隙宽度,在可见光激发下提高了降解RhB的光催化活性。其中,5% g-C₃N₄/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料对RhB的降解率最高,在可见光照射180 min对RhB的降解率为93%;而同样条件下Bi₂MoO₆对RhB的降解率为58%。重复性实验表明,复合材料在RhB光降解过程中是稳定的,具有较好的应用潜力。     

前驱体对熔盐法合成Bi2WO6光催化剂及其性能的影响

分别以Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4溶液直接混合所得沉淀、加氨水所得沉淀及Bi(NO3)3×5H2O+Na2WO4×2H2O为前驱体,采用熔盐法合成Bi2WO6光催化剂粉体,研究了不同前驱体所制粉体的物相、形貌,以其为催化剂,在可见光照射下降解罗丹明B溶液. 结果表明,用后二者为前驱体均可得到薄片状纯相Bi2WO6粉体. 加氨水所得沉淀为前驱体所制Bi2WO6粉体的光催化性能最好,在可见光照射下对0.01 mmol/L RhB溶液的降解率在60 min内达99%.     

Facile ion-exchanged synthesis of Sn incorporated potassium titanate nanoribbons and their visible-light-responded photocatalytic activity

Sn²⁺-incorporated potassium titanate (K₂Ti₆O₁₃) nanoribbons were prepared by a facile acid-free ion-exchanged method in a dehydrated methanol solution at room temperature. XRD patterns suggested that K₂Ti₆O₁₃ (KTO) and Sn²⁺-incorporated KTO (SKTO) are well crystallized with monoclinic phase structures. The mole ratio of incorporated Sn²⁺ to K⁺ in SKTO was estimated to be 2. X-ray photoelectron spectrum showed that the Sn species of SKTO consisted of 90% of Sn²⁺ and 10% of Sn⁴⁺, suggesting that part of Sn²⁺ was oxidized to Sn⁴⁺ in the incorporation process. The band gap of SKTO was 0.7 eV narrower than that of KTO, which was derived from lift of the top of the valence band due to the hybridization of Sn5s and O2p orbitals. The SKTO nanoribbons showed remarkable photocatalytic activities for H₂ evolution and rhodamine B degradation under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). The photocatalytic mechanism and durability were studied in detail. The advantage of this acid-free ion-exchange method is ease of ion-exchange of K⁺ with H⁺ and maintenance of the integrity of the 1D nanoribbon structures. This method can be applied to preparation of other Sn²⁺-incorporated compounds with special nanostructures.     

氧化石墨烯/类水滑石基复合催化剂的可控制备及其催化性能

针对纳米催化剂在有机染料氧化降解反应中存在的问题,开发高效纳米Fe基催化剂成为当前研究的重点。基于"创新纳米结构调变催化功能"的新策略,利用类水滑石层板金属离子和层间阴离子与氧化石墨烯(GO)表面官能团之间的静电作用,采用水热法制备氧化石墨烯复合类水滑石Fe-LDH@GO纳米催化剂。利用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附和TEM对催化剂的形貌、尺寸、孔道及FeO_x粒子尺寸等物化性质进行表征,发现氧化石墨烯的引入不改变水滑石纳米片结构和形貌,但能够增加催化剂的比表面积,有效锚定FeO_x纳米粒子,使其粒径减小并均匀分散在载体表面,提供更多的有效活性位点。XPS结果表明,催化剂表面存在的Fe^(2+)是芬顿反应的活性中心,氧化石墨烯的引入提高含氧官能团数量,使其在RhB降解反应中表现出优异的催化活性,反应14 min时,RhB转化率100%。     

纳米钒酸铋的水热合成及其可见光光催化降解罗丹明B

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用水热法合成了BiVO4纳米颗粒,X射线衍射(XRD)表征结果显示所制备的BiVO4颗粒为单斜晶结构.紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)测定结果表明,BiVO4的禁带宽度为2.46 eV.以罗丹明B为目标降解物,研究了样品在可见光下的光催化性能,最佳反应条件为:罗丹明B的初始...     

A facile synthesis of nano-layer structured g-C3N4 with efficient organic degradation and hydrogen evolution using a MDN energetic material as the starting precursor

The construction of a high-performance g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst through a facile and green synthesis method remains a great challenge for H₂ production and organic pollutants degradation. In this work, we developed a nano-layer structured g-C₃N₄ (NL-CN) photocatalyst with a 230 m²/g surface area via the thermal polymerization method using melaminium dinitrate (MDN), which is one of the more energetic materials, as the precursor. The energy coming from the drastic decomposition of nitrate anions in MDN caused the thick layers of bulk CN to be exfoliated to produce many much-thinner nano-layers when at 500 °C for 2 h, which obviously elevated the surface area of the g-C₃N₄. The resultant NL-CN displays a superior visible-light H₂-generation and rhodamine B (RhB) photodegradation efficiency (λ > 420 nm) compared to those of bulk g-C₃N₄ (CN) prepared through heating melamine because of the nano-layered structures, which lead to higher specific surface areas, a rapid charge transfer efficiency and a higher redox potential. These results demonstrate that the utilization of MDN as a starting material provides a new opportunity for the facile and green synthesis of high-efficiency nanostructured g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts with lower energy consumption and environmental pollution levels.