易染性共聚醚酯热氧化稳定性研究

分析了高聚物的氧化裂解机理及抗氧化剂的作用原理。选择了对提高共聚醚酯的热稳定性较为有效的复合抗氧化剂，用测定该共聚醚酯的特性粘度和端羧基含量改变的方法来表征分子量的变化，证实了抗氧剂的作用机理和复合抗氧化剂之间的协同效应     

沸石滤柱对饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯的去除

通过对沸石滤柱吸附去除饮用水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯(又称为酞酸酯,phthalate esters,PAEs)的研究,探讨其工程应用的可行性.邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)4种PAEs被选作目标物质.控制沸石滤柱的空床接触时间为12～18 min,使DMP、DBP、DOP及DEHP 4种酯类进水浓度皆为20～100μg/L;通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定出水中每种PAE的浓度.研究发现,总PAEs的去除率在24.7%～33.8%之间;随着进水浓度的增加,DMP、DBP的去除率下降,DEHP、DOP去除率上升.     

无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯，以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯，本文详细考察了该合成反就过程中乳化剂，催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成了工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．5：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量经为0．14：1，反应温度120℃，压力4.35kPa，时间3.5h，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％，此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。     

丙二酸亚异丙酯衍生物的合成研究

以丙二酸亚异丙酯为原料经缩合，还原合成了5－烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯。5－烃基丙二酸亚异丙酯在相转移催化条件下与过氧化苯甲酰反应，以高产率合成了5－烃基－5－苯甲酰氧基丙二酸亚异丙酯。这些新化合物的结构经IR，^1HNMR和元素分析确证。     

凹凸棒／烷基糖苷悬浮液流变行为研究

以烷基糖苷（APG）为分散剂,系统研究分散剂的用量对凹凸棒悬浮液流变性的影响,运用等温吸附和Zeta电位测定技术对流变作用机制进行分析,并用六种流变模式对悬浮液的流变曲线进行了拟合,结果表明,随烷基糖苷浓度的增大,悬浮液的塑性粘度出现减小、增加再减小的趋势,其中,烷基糖苷浓度为200mg／L时凹凸棒悬浮液塑性粘度最大,该浓度也是悬浮液由“剪切变稀”向“剪切变稠”的转变点。凹凸棒／烷基糖苷悬浮液的流变曲线符合Herschel Buikley流变模型。     

Occurrence of priority organic pollutants in the fertilizers, China

The use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers is usually associated with environmental problems. A lot of work has been done on the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in chemical fertilizers, but little work has focused on the occurrence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). In this study the occurrence of 43 SVOCs listed as priority pollutants in 22 widely used-fertilizers of China was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Twenty-six SVOCs were detected with different detection frequencies and concentrations. The most abundant compounds were phthalic acid esters (PAEs; ranging from 1.17 to 2795 microg kg(-1) dry weight, d.w.) and nitroaromatics (up to 9765 microg kg(-1) d.w.), followed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; <140 microg kg(-1) d.w.) and halogenated hydrocarbons (<900 microg kg(-1) d.w.). Chlorobenzenes and haloethers occurred generally at low concentrations. There are large variations in concentrations of various compounds in different fertilizers, and the total concentrations of each class of contaminants varied widely, too. The highest levels of sum concentration for 16 PAHs, for 6 PAEs and for nitroaromatics were found in organic fertilizer containing pesticide and soil amendments. Concentrations of SVOCs in coated fertilizers (the controlled release fertilizer with coating) were considerably higher than those in the corresponding fertilizers without coating. The occurrence frequencies of SVOCs in the straight fertilizers (containing only one of the major plant nutrients) were lower than in the other fertilizers.     

GC-MS法同时测定橡皮擦中22种邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分段选择离子监测(SIM)模式分析同时测定橡皮擦中22种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)增塑剂含量的方法。该方法具有良好线性,相关系数R均大于0.999,检测限在1.3 mg/kg～128.9 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在70.2%～105.6%,相对标准偏差在2.57%～9.88%之间。通过该方法对国内橡皮擦中PAEs增塑剂进行检测,实际样品均检出邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),含量最高达32.5%。     

DK型纳滤膜对水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附及截留特性

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类典型的环境激素,对人体健康具有较大的危害。本文采用DK型纳滤膜去除水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯,分析了水中微量邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DNBP)和邻苯二甲酸异二丁酯(DIBP)等在DK型纳滤膜表面的吸附行为,考察了4种邻苯二甲酸酯的辛醇/水分配系数(logKow)和相对分子质量(Mw)对其在DK型纳滤膜表面的吸附和膜的截留特性的影响。结果表明Freundlich吸附方程能较好地描述4种邻苯二甲酸酯在DK型纳滤膜表面的动态吸附行为;DK型纳滤膜对水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯的截留特性表现为膜面吸附作用和膜孔筛分效应,吸附平衡后的截留机理取决于膜孔的筛分效应,DK型纳滤膜对DMP、DEP、DNBP、DIBP的截留率分别为55%、78%、96%和96.8%(0.5 MPa,30℃,DMP、DEP、DNBP、DIBP浓度均为300μg/L),表明DK型纳滤膜能高效去除水中的DNBP和DIBP。     

烷基磷酸酯的合成及动力学研究

采用五氧化二磷法直接酯化制备烷基磷酸酯。研究了反应机理,建立了反应动力学方程。在本实验条件下,测出反应的表观活化能为42.8 kJ.mol-1,指前因子为864 L.mol-1.min-1。同时,得到了反应的表观动力学方程。     

SYNTHESIS OF AROMA COMPONENTS DURING THE SPONTANEOUS FERMENTATION OF LAMBIC AND GUEUZE

Lambic is a type of Belgian beer obtained by spontaneous fermentation of wort. The fermentation in casks takes almost two years, and after that period the beer may be re-fermented in bottles and is then called gueuze. To gain insight into the many microbiological transformations occurring during this process, a qualitative and quantitative study of several components formed over a two-year period was undertaken. It was found that lambic and gueuze are characterized by high contents of ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, lactic acid and acetic acid. Two phases of fermentation may be distinguished: a primary phase lasting for about three months during which almost all the ethanol and higher alcohols are formed and a very long secondary phase during which lactic acid is formed first, followed by ethyl lactate. Some lower fatty acids, including all the acetic acid, are made at the very beginning of the first phase. An important part of the ethyl acetate is made during the first phase but the amounts increase slowly to high levels during the second phase. Unusually low amounts of isoamyl acetate are detected. Several components are above the reported threshold levels of taste and are thus probably involved in the genesis of the typical aroma of lambic and gueuze. These results will allow a further study of the relations between the components found and the microbial populations involved in the spontaneous fermentation inherent in the brewing of lambic and gueuze.