涪陵页岩气田井地联合微地震监测气藏实例及认识

四川盆地涪陵页岩气田属国家级页岩气示范区,是全球除北美以外最大的商业开发页岩气田,基于"井工厂"模式下的压裂工艺已得到了广泛应用,但如何有效评价同平台多井次间的"井工厂"压裂效果及此模式下的缝网展布规律仍需进一步研究。为此,通过利用地面及井中微地震联合监测技术,对焦页4X平台"井工厂"压裂裂缝进行实时监测,初步了解了涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块"井工厂"压裂模式下的人工裂缝几何尺寸、展布方向;同时利用联合微地震技术的综合解释成果,结合压裂SRV预测图版,对井工厂压裂工况下的压裂参数进行了重新认识,准确了解到涪陵气田页岩气"井工厂拉链式"压裂过程中的人工裂缝展布情况。该项研究成果对后期压裂参数的优化具有重要的指导意义。     

新一代直接还原铁技术的商业化取得突破--筹建中的昆那纳Hismelt厂

里奥*廷托(Rio-Tinto)公司在澳大利亚西澳州昆那纳(Kwinana)新建Hismelt厂的筹备工作进展顺利,可望于2004年投产,到2006年达到约80万t/a的设计生产能力,所产优质产品,既可供电弧炉炼钢,也可供常规钢厂使用.该厂的建成投产是新一代直接还原炼铁法迈向商业化的重要一步.     

Tribological properties of Fe7Mo6-based-alloy lubricated with poly-alpha-olefin containing PN additive

Tribological properties of Fe–Mo type disk specimens were investigated against ASTM 52100 steel balls under the lubrication of poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and PAO containing 1.5 mass% alkyl-phosphonic acid-triazole-methanamine (PN additive). Both the Fe₇Mo₆-based alloy and Mo disk specimens exhibited lower friction and lower wear rates than the Fe and gray cast iron disk specimens under the lubrication of PAO. The friction coefficients of the Fe₇Mo₆-based alloy disk specimens were reduced to 0.07 by adding 1.5 mass% PN additive to PAO. No wear volume loss was observed on the Fe₇Mo₆-based alloy disk specimens when they were lubricated with PAO containing 1.5 mass% PN additive.     

稳健的宽带自适应相干干扰抑制波束形成算法

针对期望信号存在指向误差和多个相干干扰时Duvall结构波束形成器性能下降问题,提出一种稳健的宽带自适应相干干扰抑制波束形成算法。该算法首先将Duvall结构波束形成器与最差性能最优波束形成算法结合,实现稳健的宽带波束形成,然后利用空间响应变化约束（SRV）将宽带波束形成等效为参考频点的波束形成,通过协方差矩阵重构,在相干干扰数目较多时,输出波束仍可以在相干干扰方向自适应地形成零陷。理论分析与仿真实验表明,该算法能够有效抑制多个强相干干扰,具有较好的稳健性。     

盐间页岩油体积压裂技术研究与实践

盐间页岩油储层存在上下盐岩蠕变特征不清,压裂过程中易受上下塑性盐岩干扰;储层岩性组分多、敏感性复杂、孔隙连通性差,储层中可溶盐的溶解规律不清楚等特点.储层特点对体积压裂技术提出了较高要求,为寻求盐间页岩油高效开发手段,在潜江凹陷古近系盐间页岩油油藏的BYY1HF井试验采用CO2增能复合压裂、耐酸压裂液加砂技术、密切割强...     

Influence of temperature on the friction performance of gear oils in rolling–sliding and pure sliding contacts

The friction behaviour of five different gear oils in rolling–sliding and pure sliding contacts and how temperature influences their friction properties were investigated. It is found that increasing temperature decreases boundary friction with gear oils that contain friction modifiers while not for other gear oils, at all contact pressures investigated. In mixed lubrication region, temperature decreases friction at low contact pressures while increases friction at high contact pressures. The effect of slide–roll ratio on friction is significant in boundary lubrication region especially at higher temperature while less significant in mixed lubrication region at both low and high temperatures. The ranking of gear oils for friction in boundary and mixed lubrication regimes is similar both in rolling–sliding and pure sliding contacts, regardless of temperature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

玛湖油田致密砾岩油藏压裂数值模拟研究

为全方位掌握玛湖油田致密砾岩储层条件,减小井间裂缝干扰,实现精准压裂并完成产能预测,采用地质、地应力、压裂耦合的模拟方法,建立三维数值模型.以玛湖致密油藏试验区为例,依据现有地质资料完成单井地应力模型,在此基础上建立准确的三维地应力模型,并加载人工裂缝模型,通过耦合压裂模型,研究区域压裂施工完成后地应力随时间与空间的变...     

A new test technique for the laboratory evaluation of energy-efficient engine oils

Testing lubricants for fuel economy is a significant part of the drive for energy conservation. Generally, the small differences in fuel economy between lubricants make measurements inherently uncertain. Furthermore, precise engine tests for assessment of energy efficiency are expensive and time consuming. There has been a need, therefore, for the development of an effective laboratory screening technique to assess the energy efficiency of engine oils. With this objective in view, a new test technique consisting of two different tests has been developed for measuring lubricant-related fuel economy. Fuel economy through the use of engine oil is achieved by reducing boundary friction and viscous friction. Whereas reduction in boundary friction is obtained through the use of friction modifiers in engine oil, viscous friction is reduced through the use of low viscosity oils and by multigrading. The efficacy of action of friction modifiers in reducing boundary friction has been assessed with a SRV-Oscillating Friction and Wear Tester, using point and piston ring/liner segment contact. For the measurement of viscous friction, an attempt has been made to find out the reduction in viscous friction by using low viscosity oils and multigrade oils on a SAE No. 2 Machine, with all-steel clutch plates.     

Soluble molybdenum compound and sulphur ep additive combinations: Synergistic and adverse effects on antifriction and antiwear characteristics

Antifriction and antiwear performance of three soluble molybdenum (Mo) compounds (Mo dithiophosphate, Mo dithiocarbamate and Mo amine complex) and four sulphur-containing EP additives (sulphurised isobutylene, dibenzyl disulphide, sulphurised fat and synthesised ethylene sulphur derivative) have been studied, alone and in combination, using an SRV test rig. The additive behaviour in combination has been found to be selective, and dependent on the chemistry and ratio of the additive components. Certain sulphur EP additives in combination with Mo compounds have exhibited a synergistic effect. The antifriction performance of additives, in general, has been found to be further enhanced at higher test temperatures. However, a reduction in antiwear property has been noticed.