湿陷性黄土地区桩基础的应用分析

本文通过实例 ,对湿陷性黄土地区常见的桩基础从施工工艺、设计计算、桩基检测、适用范围、常见问题及对策和经济指标各个方面进行分析论述 ,总结该地区桩基础选型原则及其发展趋势     

History of geothermal exploration in Indonesia from 1970 to 2000

Reconnaissance surveys undertaken since the 1960s show that more than 200 geothermal prospects with significant active surface manifestations occur throughout Indonesia. Some 70 of these were identified by the mid-1980s as potential high-temperature systems using geochemical criteria of discharged thermal fluids. Between 1970 and 1995, about 40 of these were explored using geological mapping, geochemical and detailed geophysical surveys. Almost half of the surveyed prospects were tested by deep (0.5–3 km) exploratory drilling, which led to the discovery of 15 productive high-temperature reservoirs. Several types of reservoirs were encountered: liquid-dominated, vapour-dominated, and a vapour layer/liquid-saturated substratum type. All three may be modified by upflows (plumes) containing magmatic fluid components (volcanic geothermal systems). Large, concealed outflows are a common feature of liquid-dominated systems in mountainous terrain. All explored prospects are hosted by Quaternary volcanic rocks, associated with arc volcanism, and half occur beneath the slopes of active or dormant stratovolcanoes. By 1995, five fields had been developed by drilling of production wells; three of them supplied steam to plants with a total installed capacity of 305 MW_e. By 2000, with input from foreign investors, the installed capacity had reached 800 MWe in six fields, but geothermal developments had stalled because of the 1997–1998 financial crisis.     

The effect of selection for growth rate on carcass composition and meat characteristics of rabbits

The effect of selection for growth rate on carcass composition and meat quality was assessed by comparing two groups of rabbits belonging to different generations of a selection experiment. A Bayesian approach was used. Embryos belonging to generations 3 and 4 of selection were frozen and thawed to be contemporary of animals from generation 10. A control group (C), formed from offspring of these embryos, was contemporary to offspring of generations 10 and 11 of selection, chosen at random, which constituted the selected group (S). One hundred and thirty-one contemporary rabbits were slaughtered at approximately the Spanish commercial live weight of 2 kg. Carcasses were dissected and measured according to the norms of the World Rabbit Scientific Association. An animal model including effects of genetic group (C, S) and sex, and slaughter weight as a covariate was used. S animals had a higher development of liver, kidneys and of a set of organs consisting of the thymus, trachea, oesophagus, lung and heart, relative to C. For dissectible fat, S animals had less than C: −0.31 g for scapular fat, −1.62 g for perirenal fat and −2.03 g for inguinal fat. S had a lower content (−0.39%) of dissectible fat percentage in the “Reference” carcass, indicating a lower degree of maturity at slaughter. The meat to bone ratio was not affected by selection, but the meat and bone contents of the hind leg were 3.25 and 0.71 g higher, respectively, in the C group. Selected animals had a lower water holding capacity in the raw meat (−2.10%), a higher water holding capacity in the cooked meat (2.17%), a higher cooking loss (3.31%) and a lower fat percentage in the meat of a hind leg (−0.37%). Females had more fat than males: 0.26 g for scapular fat, 1.02 g for perirenal fat, 1.10 g for inguinal fat, and 0.24% for total dissectible fat percentage of the “Reference” carcass.     

基于聚类分析的煤层气二次压裂选井选层方法研究

山西沁水盆地柿庄南区块煤层气井初次压裂生产多年后整体产气量下降,迫切需要进行二次压裂以提高产能,而目标井段的选取对二次压裂的设计施工及增产效果具有极为重要的影响。针对区块二次压裂试验井数少、样本数量有限的问题,提出基于聚类分析的煤层气二次压裂选井选层方法。综合考虑地质储量、可压性和工程三方面因素建立二次压裂选井的层次聚类模型;再根据施工曲线特征设置压裂风险短路条件,排除复压风险高的井,并结合聚类集成算法,最终确定每口井的复压潜力大小。以本区块15口井为例开展了各井二次压裂改造潜力评价,优选B01井为目标井,二次压裂后取得了较好的增产效果。该研究可为井数有限条件下的二次压裂选井选层提供一种有效方法,为后续压裂生产提供依据和借鉴。     

Concept selection of car bumper beam with developed hybrid bio-composite material

Application of natural fibre composites is going to increase in different areas caused by environmental, technical and economic advantages. However, their low mechanical properties have limited their particular application in automotive structural components. Hybridizations with other reinforcements or matrices can improve mechanical properties of natural fibre composite. Moreover, geometric optimizations have a significant role in structural strength improvement. This study focused on selecting the best geometrical bumper beam concept to fulfill the safety parameters of the defined product design specification (PDS). The mechanical properties of developed hybrid composite material were considered in different bumper beam concepts with the same frontal curvature, thickness, and overall dimensions. The low-speed impact test was simulated under the same conditions in Abaqus V16R9 software. Six weighted criteria, which were deflection, strain energy, mass, cost, easy manufacturing, and the rib possibility were analyzed to form an evaluation matrix. Topsis method was employed to select the best concept. It is concluded that double hat profile (DHP) with defined material model can be used for bumper beam of a small car. In addition, selected concept can be strengthened by adding reinforced ribs or increasing the thickness of the bumper beam to comply with the defined PDS.     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of homogeneous zirconia toughened alumina ceramics via cyclic solution infiltration and in situ precipitation

Alumina ceramic composites toughened with various contents of fine-sized zirconia particulates were fabricated via cyclic infiltrating pre-sintered alumina preforms with zirconium oxychloride solution and immersion in ammonia solution to induce in situ precipitation. Homogeneous distribution of zirconia throughout the bulk material has been substantiated by line-scan analysis and backscattering images taken from sections with different distances from surface. It was found that a higher drying temperature and increase in infiltration numbers lead to a greater zirconia content and bigger grain size. The hardness of fabricated zirconia toughened alumina composite was firstly improved probably due to the microstructure refining effect, while a further increase in zirconia content results in the decrease of hardness. A significantly higher indentation toughness has been observed for samples containing >10 wt.% zirconia compared with other specimens, which could be attributed to the coarser zirconia grain size and the related greater tendency to transformation into monoclinic phase.     

New approach to model the buckling and stable length of multi walled carbon nanotube probes near graphite sheets

Modeling the buckling of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) probes/actuators in the vicinity of thin and thick graphite has been carried out for the first time via two analytical approximation methods as well as a numerical one. A hybrid nano-scale continuum model based on Lennard-Jones potential is applied to simulate the intermolecular force-induced deflection of MWCNT. The critical values of MWCNT tip deflection and MWCNT-graphite attraction at the onset of the instability are computed. In addition, minimum nanotube-graphite initial gap and stable length of freestanding CNT are determined as basic parameters for engineering applications and nano-devices design. The stable length of MWCNT is determined as a function of its geometrical and material characteristics, initial gap and number of graphene layers.     

On the Probablistic Worst-Case Time of ``Find'

We analyze the worst-case number of comparisons T _n of Hoare's selection algorithm FIND when the input is a random permutation, and worst case is measured with respect to the rank k . We give a new short proof that T _n /n tends to a limit distribution, and provide new bounds for the limiting distribution. Received October 27, 2000; revised November 15, 2000.     

对主导产业选择三大基准的分析

对主导产业选择的三大基准－－收入弹性基准，生产率上升率基准和产业关联度基准进行了分析。     

Partial Duplication of Response Surface Designs

Continuing the author's earlier work [6] a method is described which requires that certain experimental runs of a central composite, second-order, response surface design be repeated, thereby providing a more general estimate of the experimental error, at the same time providing more reliable estimates of the effects.

The partial duplication of the factorial portion as well as the partial duplication of the star portion has been considered and described. The response surface designs with the star portion duplicated seem to have more potential than the designs with their factorial portions duplicated or partially duplicated.