高校图书馆特色数据库建设的现状、问题与对策研究

个性化服务是图书馆的发展方向,提高特色资源,提高特色服务是图书馆的重要途径。随网络数字化的发展,图书馆的特色化更是生存和发展的要求。本文主要介绍了现在高校图书馆的特色数据库建设的现状和问题。以及提出了对图书馆的特设数据库发展提出了建设性对策。     

高校图书馆基础信息平台建设探析

高校图书馆基础信息包括读者信息、馆藏资源信息、特色数据库建设信息、馆内人员信息、硬件设施信息等,它的建设是为了提高图书馆的管理效率,使全馆各部门的工作情况一目了然,让管理者能及时掌握和调整各部门的工作,科学管理图书馆,使图书馆的工作能上一个台阶,更好地为读者服务。     

文化统战与高校档案工作

本文在论述新时期文化统战的基本内涵基础上,提出从文化的角度看待我国的政党制度,看待我国的民族工作,看待我国社会转型和阶层分化,就能有更新的视野和更深刻的反思,有利于促进新时期统战工作。高校是文化传承和创新的重要阵地,高校的档案是校园文化的重要组成部分,在文化统战中发挥着特殊的作用。     

Investigating university student preferences and beliefs about learning in the web-based context

Psychological studies have shown that personal beliefs about learning and environmental preferences affect learning behaviors. However, these learner characteristics have not been widely discussed in the web-based context. By developing questionnaires, this study attempted to detect learners’ web-based learning environmental preferences (WLEP) and beliefs about web-based learning (BWL). The scope of WLEP focused on the pedagogical dimension of the web-based learning environment, while BWL concerned the attributes and control factors of the web-based learning. There were about five hundreds of Taiwan university students participating in the study. Through factor analysis, the scales discussed in the study revealed a satisfactory validity and reliability in assessing students’ preferences and beliefs. Further analyses showed that university students preferred more of individual and structured instructional configurations while expected the outward mode of interaction. In general, students held a rather contextual belief about web-based learning, which was found to be correlated with their environmental preferences.     

The preferences toward constructivist Internet-based learning environments among university students in Taiwan

Numerous educators have proposed the development of constructivist Internet-based learning environments for students. When creating the constructivist Internet-based learning environments, it is important for researchers to be aware of students’ preferences toward these environments. Through gathering data from 659 university students in Taiwan, this study developed a questionnaire to assess students’ preferences toward constructivist Internet-based learning environments. The questionnaire, with adequate validity and reliability, included 34 items on the following seven scales: relevance, multiple sources (and interpretations), challenge, student negotiation, cognitive apprenticeship, reflective thinking and epistemological awareness. The questionnaire responses revealed that male students tended to prefer the Internet-based learning environments where they could solve challenging problems, acquire cognitive apprenticeship and guidance from experts, and promote epistemological development than did female students. The findings also suggested that, if educators intend to develop Internet-based learning environments for more academically advanced students, such as graduate students, care should be taken to create more opportunities for them to negotiate ideas, obtain proper guidance, reflect their own thoughts, and explore epistemological issues. Finally, students with more Internet experiences tended to demand more on many features of the constructivist Internet-based learning environments than those with less Internet experiences.     

基于角色的访问控制在高校人事管理系统中的研究

在分析介绍访问控制的概念和RBAC模型的基础上,重点阐述在高校人事管理系统所采用的基于角色的用户访问控制。     

四川盆地侏罗系—震旦系天然气的地球化学特征

文章通过对四川盆地震旦系—侏罗系含气层系中天然气的烃类组成、非烃组成及碳氢同位素组成资料的分析,探讨了天然气的成因类型、成熟度、运移和混合作用等。四川盆地天然气的组成特征不仅受母质类型的影响,而且受成熟度的影响。根据碳氢同位素组成,可以将四川盆地的天然气划分为侏罗系“浅层”油伴生腐泥型气、上三叠统热成因腐殖型气及中三叠统—震旦系“深层”油裂解腐泥型气等三大类型。根据分析资料推断,川西侏罗系、川东卧龙河上三叠统及石炭系的天然气为运移次生成因。三叠系嘉陵江组、二叠系和石炭系的天然气普遍具有同位素倒转现象,认为这是由于天然气混合作用的结果。     

Piezoelectric properties in two-dimensional materials: Simulations and experiments

The piezoelectric effect, discovered in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie, effectively allows to transduce signals from the mechanical domain to the electrical domain and vice versa. For this reason, piezoelectric devices are already ubiquitous, including, for instance, quartz oscillators, mechanical actuators with sub-atomic resolution and microbalances. However, the ability to synthesize two-dimensional (2D) materials may enable the fabrication of innovative devices with unprecedented performance. For instance, many materials which are not piezoelectric in their bulk form become piezoelectric when reduced to a single atomic layer; moreover, since all the atoms belong to the surface, piezoelectricity can be effectively engineered by proper surface modifications. As additional advantages, 2D materials are strong, flexible, easy to be co-integrated with conventional integrated circuits or micro-electromechanical systems and, in comparison with bulk or quasi-1D materials, easier to be simulated at the atomistic level. Here, we review the state of the art on 2D piezoelectricity, with reference to both computational predictions and experimental characterization. Because of their unique advantages, we believe 2D piezoelectric materials will substantially expand the applications of piezoelectricity.     

Ultrathin two-dimensional materials for photo- and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Sustainable hydrogen production via photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and synergetic photoelectrocatalytic processes has been regarded as an effective strategy to address both energy and environmental crises. Due to their unique structures and properties, emerging ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials can bring about promising opportunities to realize high-efficiency hydrogen evolution. This review presents a critical appraisal of advantages and advancements for ultrathin 2D materials in catalytic hydrogen evolution, with an emphasis on structure–activity relationship. Furthermore, strategies for tailoring the microstructure, electronic structure, and local atomic arrangement, so as to further boost the hydrogen evolution activity, are discussed. Finally, we also present the existing challenges and future research directions regarding this promising field.     

Composite bending-dominated hollow nanolattices: A stiff,cyclable mechanical metamaterial

Manufacturing ultralight and mechanical reliable materials has been a long-time challenge. Ceramic-based mechanical metamaterials provide significant opportunities to reverse their brittle nature and unstable mechanical properties and have great potential as strong, ultralight, and ultrastiff materials. However, the failure of ceramics nanolattice and degradation of strength/modulus with decreasing density are caused by buckling of the struts and failure of the nodes within the nanolattices, especially during cyclic loading. Here, we explore a new class of 3D ceramic-based metamaterials with a high strength–density ratio, stiffness, recoverability, cyclability, and optimal scaling factor. Deformation mode of the fabricated nanolattices has been engineered through the unique material design and architecture tailoring. Bending-dominated hollow nanolattice (B-H-Lattice) structure is employed to take advantages of its flexibility, while a few nanometers of carbonized mussel-inspired bio-polymer (C-PDA) is coherently deposited on ceramics’ nanolayer to enable non-buckling struts and bendable nodes during deformation, resulting in reliable mechanical properties and outperforming the current bending-dominated lattices (B-Lattices) and carbon-based cellulose materials. Meanwhile, the structure has comparable stiffness to stretching-dominated lattices (S-Lattices) while with better cyclability and reliability. The B-H-Lattices exhibit high specific stiffness (>10⁶?Pa·kg^?1·m^?3), low-density (～30?kg/m³), buckling-free recovery at 55% strain, and stable cyclic loading behavior under up to 15% strain. As one of the B-Lattices, the modulus scaling factor reaches 1.27, which is lowest among current B-Lattices. This study suggests that non-buckling behavior and reliable nodes are the key factors that contribute to the outstanding mechanical performance of nanolattice materials. A new concept of engineering the internal deformation behavior of mechanical metamaterial is provided to optimize their mechanical properties in real service conditions.