炸药晶粒包覆结构对PBX动态损伤影响的近场动力学模拟

为了研究包覆结构对高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)动态损伤的影响,基于非局域近场动力学理论(Peridynamics, PD),结合Voronoi方法构建了含单层或双层包覆结构的高聚物粘结炸药(Polymer bonded explosive, PBX)的PD计算模型,模拟了不同加载条件下PBX的损伤响应。模拟结果显示,采用粘接剂1包覆时,相比于单层包覆而言,当加载速度分别为20,40 m·s^-1和60 m·s^-1时,双层包覆结构使HMX晶粒的损伤分别降低了42.8%,87.2%和46.8%,明显降低了PBX中HMX晶粒的损伤。HMX晶粒采用单层包覆结构时,损伤模式主要表现为穿晶损伤,采用双层包覆结构时,损伤模式转变为沿晶损伤。研究还得到了双层包覆结构下不同包覆材料对HMX损伤影响的定量结果,并据此得到了不同包覆结构的性能排序。同时发现包覆结构能够影响HMX晶粒内应力状态,从而影响HMX损伤程度。     

Y对轴承钢上激光熔覆FeCoCrNi涂层结构和冲蚀磨损的影响

以激光熔覆方法在轴承钢上制得FeCoCrNi-xY高熵合金涂层,并对其处于气体环境中的耐高温冲蚀性进行了测试。研究Y对涂层结构和冲蚀磨损的影响。研究结果表明：随着Y增大,蜂窝形组织开始减少直到全部消失,生成了许多尺寸较小的M颗粒,形成了粒径更小以及分布形态更均匀的Y化物组织。提高Y的加入量后,涂层发生了硬度先减小再增大势,测试得到的硬度值介于720-960 HV范围内。当逐渐提高冲蚀角后,FeCoCrNi-xY涂层发生了冲蚀磨损率持续增大。FeCoCrNixY涂层获得了高于轴承钢的硬度,呈现明显的脆性特点。对FeCoCrNi-0.3Y涂层冲蚀形成了深度更大的犁沟,达到了更高的冲蚀磨损率。当温度提高后,磨损率同样呈现增大现象,不过变化幅度较低。各攻角下的涂层磨损形式并未受到温度的明显影响。     

纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响

为了研究纳米粒子几何结构对膨胀型防火涂料阻燃和抑烟性能的影响,以聚磷酸铵(APP)-季戊四醇(PER)-三聚氰胺(MEL)-硼酸三聚氰胺(MB)为阻燃体系,硅丙乳液为成膜物质,分别添加球形纳米二氧化硅(Si O2)、经硅烷偶联剂KH560改性的管状碳纳米管(KH560–CNT)和片状水滑石(LDH)制备了3种水性膨胀型防火涂料。采用小室法、隧道法及模拟大板法研究了涂层的防火阻燃性能,再结合热重分析、扫描电镜分析和能谱分析,考察了涂层的热解性能和炭层结构。结果表明,球形Si O2和片状LDH能有效增强防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出较好的协效作用;管状KH560–CNT则会恶化防火涂料的阻燃和抑烟性能,表现出对抗作用。当纳米填料的质量分数为0.5%时,片状LDH表现出最优的协效作用,火焰传播比值为12.5,烟密度等级为14.1%。这是因为它能促进涂层在燃烧过程中形成更多的含磷和含硼交联结构,有效增强了炭层的致密性、连续性和隔热性能。     

Internal surface protection of gas turbine blade by Si‐aluminide coating

A laboratory‐scale slurry silicoaluminizing process has been developed to apply coating into cooling passageways of a first‐stage gas turbine blade. Analytical techniques for characterizing the coatings comprised optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and XRD. The results of metallographic examinations demonstrated that acceptable coatings had been formed in almost all of the passageways. The amounts of Al and Si in the topcoat were found to be in the ranges of 24–26 wt% and 4.5–6 wt%, respectively. The heat treated coating consisted largely of β‐NiAl phase as the coating matrix with uniform distribution of <2 µm‐size precipitates. In addition, oxidation and hot corrosion performance of the coatings were investigated by cyclic exposure to 1100 °C and the furnace method using a mixture of sodium sulfate‐40 wt% sodium vanadate‐10 wt% sodium chloride at 780 °C, respectively. It was found that the presence of Si in the coating improves both oxidation and hot corrosion Type II properties.     

Rare-earth doped sol-gel derived oxyfluoride glass-ceramics: Structural and optical characterization

Glass-ceramics containing RE³⁺-doped BaF₂ nanocrystals (RE = Eu, Sm, Dy, Ho and Pr) with the size below 10 nm size have been made by using the controlled crystallization at higher temperatures of the RE³⁺-doped SiO₂-BaF₂ xerogels. Photoluminescence measurements have indicated the incorporation of the RE³⁺ ions in both silica network and in the BaF₂ nanocrystals. Thermoluminescence measurements have shown a peak whose position depends on the nature of RE³⁺-dopant as it follows: 140 °C (for Ho³⁺, Dy³⁺), 340 °C (for Sm³⁺) and 370 °C (for Eu³⁺); in Eu³⁺-doped SiO₂ glass the TL peak is shifted to 383 °C. The peaks in glass-ceramics were assigned to the recombination of the electrons thermal released from the RE³⁺-electron traps located in both glass-matrix and BaF₂ nanocrystals. Within the series the trivalent lanthanide ions act as increasingly deeper electron trapping centres.     

Coating of TiB2 dispersed Ti50Ni50 superelastic alloy layer onto Ti-6Al-4V alloy by spark and resistance sintering

The spark and resistance sintering (SRS) of a mixture of Ti, Ni, and TiB₂ powders was carried out to form a TiB₂ dispersed TiNi alloy layer onto a Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate. The strength and delamination resistance of the surface layer were evaluated by three-point bending tests. The results showed that the bending strength of the specimen with the TiNi alloy surface layer without TiB₂ particles sintered at 1273 K was low because the crack initiation occurred at an early stage of loading in a thick interface layer containing brittle Ti-Ti₂Ni eutectic. By decreasing the sintering temperature to 1200 K, the bending strength increased and the crack initiation occurred from the surface because the interface layer was thin and did not contain the brittle Ti-Ti₂Ni eutectic. For the specimens with TiB₂ dispersed TiNi surface layer that was sintered at 1273 K, the bending strength was larger than that of the specimens with TiNi surface layer because the interface layer does not contain the Ti-Ti₂Ni eutectic and compressive residual stress generated in the surface layer during cooling process after SRS suppresses the crack initiation on the surface. The coating of TiB₂ dispersed TiNi alloy onto titanium alloys by SRS provides strong interface to prevent delamination of the surface layer, strong surface due to residual compressive stress, and wear-resistant surface due to the existence of hard TiB₂ particles and superelastic deformation of TiNi matrix.     

新型防水材料的应用和传统防水设计理念的更新

通过近年来对新型防水材料的工程设计和应用实践,以全新的角度对刚性和柔性防水体系的特点进行了分析和研究,提出了以刚性为主,柔性为辅的新防水结构体系设计理念,同时指出了传统防水设计方面存在的一些误区和缺陷。     

激光涂覆技术的实验研究

叙述了有关激光这年来国内外的研究动态;我们采用２ｋＷ横流ＣＯ２激光器在普通低碳钢表面上涂覆镍基自熔合金粉末,初步探讨了有关界面相熔的形成原因、影响因素及解决办法;报激光涂覆过程中各种工艺参数相互关系及对溶敷层稀释度的影响,确定了较合理的工艺参数,该工艺对机械制造业、金属表面硬化等均有实用价值。     

新型廉价CO2激光热处理涂料的研究

报道了一种新型廉价CO2激光热处理涂料,通过对涂料的红外吸收谱、粘合剂种类对涂料红外吸收谱的影响及激光热处理区在处理前后化学成分变化的实验研究,得到了一些有用的结论,经过实际的激光热处理加工应用,证明这种涂料具有吸收率高、价格低廉、无毒、无害、无污染、易清除等优点,完全可以满足激光热处理加工的需要.