Pressure infiltration of boron nitride preforms with molten aluminum

The infiltration of compacted cubic BN (cBN) with molten aluminum has been investigated as a potential route for a cheap and easy method of manufacturing cBN/metal composites. CBN compacts have been infiltrated with molten Al at a temperature between 670 and 800 °C and pressure of 15 MPa in vacuum. At these temperatures no pronounced interactions between hexagonal and cubic BN with Al was observed, allowing the complete infiltration of cBN with 12 μm mean grain size. After infiltration at 800 °C, the temperature was increased without pressure to convert aluminum into borides and AlN. The hardness of the resulting materials depends on the content of hexagonal, cubic BN and the rate of conversion of Al into borides and AlN. The infiltration height of less than 1 mm obtained from infiltrating the 3 μm cBN powder green compacts gave a hardness of 22.0 ± 0.6 GPa after heat treatment.     

Characterization of two-phase nickel aluminides produced by pressure-assisted combustion synthesis

Two-phase (B2+L1₂) nickel aluminide intermetallic compounds were synthesized by the pressure-assisted volume combustion synthesis (CS). The production and characterization of the samples containing NiAl+Ni₃Al were investigated. Aluminum (99% pure, 15 μm) and carbonyl nickel (99.8 pure, 4-7 μm) powders were used. The production of intermetallic compound was carried out at 1050 °C under 150 MPa uniaxial pressure in open air atmosphere in an electrical resistance furnace for 60 min. The formation temperature of intermetallic compound was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, and exothermic temperature of powder mixture was determined as 653 °C. The characterization of samples was confirmed by optical microscope, SEM and XRD analysis. It was observed that the structure of compound has very low porosity and the formation of NiAl was completed successfully. The relative density of test materials measured according to Archimedes’ principle was 98.04%. The microhardness of test materials was about 351 HVN₁.     

Pressureless sintering and characterization of cordierite/ZrO2 composites

Cordierite/ZrO₂ composites with 5 to 25 wt% ZrO₂ were fabricated by conventional powder mixing and pressureless sintering method. Their densification behavior, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties were studied. By dispersing 25 wt% (9.57 vol%) ZrO₂, densified cordierite/ZrO₂ composite with a relative density of 98.5% was obtained at an optimum sintering condition of 1440 °C and 2 h. ZrO₂ particles were homogenously dispersed within matrix grains and at the grain boundaries. The intragranular particles were finer than 100 nm and the intergranular particles were coarser. Both fracture strength and toughness could be enhanced more than two times higher, compare to those of monolithic cordierite, by dispersing 25 wt% ZrO₂ into the cordierite matrix. The toughening mechanism in the present composites was mainly attributed to martensitic transformation due to ZrO₂ dispersion. Electronic Publication     

The development and maturation of humanitarian psychology.

Humanitarian psychological support as an organized field is relatively young. Pioneers in the field were involved primarily in providing psychological support to refugees and internally displaced persons in conflict and nonconflict situations. This article describes basic principles for the design of psychological support programs and interventions. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) began a psychological support program in 1991. The IFRC chose psychological first aid as its model for implementation in developing countries. Psychological first aid fits all the principles for psychological support program design and is adapted to individual communities. The first generation of psychological support programs differed dramatically depending on the countries in which they were developed. A second generation of psychological support programs evolved in response to the earthquake/tsunami of December 26, 2004. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee international guidelines consolidated the advances of second-generation programs and provided a clear indication of the wide acceptance of the importance of psychological support. A glimpse is provided of the third generation of psychological support programs, and an admonition is made for a more empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

新型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微粒的研究--含PEO支链阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微粒的合成、助留性能及作用机理

本文采用反相微乳液聚合的方法合成了丙烯酰胺(AM)/丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵(AD-AMQUAT)/聚氧乙烯大单体(PEO-A)/N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis)的四元共聚物微粒.研究了该微粒助留剂的结构与性能.这种微粒和纸纤维能够通过离子键和氢键作用显著地增强助留效果.     

纳米Fe2O3对镁铬耐火材料烧结及力学性能的影响

在镁铬耐火材料中添加纳米Fe2O3,研究了它对镁铬耐火材料烧结性能与常温力学性能的影响.结果发现,在相同的工艺条件下,加入1%(外加)的纳米Fe2O3即可使镁铬砖的烧成温度降低150℃左右,并在相同烧成温度下能使试样的常温抗折强度和耐压强度大幅度提高.分析认为,在镁铬耐火材料中添加少量纳米级Fe2O3,可促进MgO-FeO固溶体中Cr3+和Al3+含量的提高,增强镁铬砖的直接结合程度,从而提高其力学性能.     

一种新型悬臂棒条筛的设计与应用

介绍了一种新型悬臂棒条筛分机械,论述了其结构、工作原理和技术特性。从理论和实践两方面论证了它的结构、处理能力、筛分效率、返矿率都明显优于普通悬臂棒条筛分机械,可广泛应用于高炉槽下烧结矿的筛分作业。     

反应烧结法制备MgAlON的合成机理及烧结行为的研究

通过对以Al2 O3、MgO和AlN为起始原料 ,在氮气气氛中反应烧结合成MgAlON材料合成机理的研究发现 :在 12 0 0℃以前 ,MgO与Al2 O3反应生成镁铝尖晶石 ,此后 ,随着温度的升高 ,Al2O3不断向所形成的尖晶石中固溶 ;在 130 0℃以前 ,AlN基本上不参与反应 ,而在更高的温度下 ,AlN开始向尖晶石中固溶形成MgAlON ,约在 15 5 0℃时形成单一的MgAlON相。用热膨胀仪检测了试样的线变化率随温度和时间的变化 ,用最小二乘法回归分析了试样线变化率的实验数据 ,并根据烧结理论对MgAlON材料烧结初期的动力学进行了探讨。结果表明 ,MgAlON材料烧结初期的烧结机理以体积扩散为主     

Phase composition and properties of solid solutions of GdFeO3–GdInO3 bulks

Solid solutions of the GdFeO₃–GdInO₃ system were prepared at 1550 °C by ceramic powder processing. The formulated composition was Gd(Fe_1−xIn_x)O₃ (GFI) with the indium contents at x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0. A stable phase of Gd(Fe_1/3In_2/3)O₃ in our system was identified by X-ray diffraction and phase composition analysis. Multi-phase morphologies were observed for GFI bulks with x = 0.5 and 0.75. Dielectric and electrical properties of the GFI bulks were investigated. The addition of 25% In³⁺ in GdFeO₃ had an obvious enhancement in polarization and led to an elevated resonance frequency. Dielectric properties of GFI bulks except GdInO₃ were strongly dependent upon the test frequency, which corresponded to the response of polarization mechanism. GdInO₃ displayed as a stable dielectric, which was frequency- and temperature-insensitive. GdInO₃ was thermally activated and became leaky until above 600 °C.