浏阳磷矿边坡植被护坡试验研究

论述了土质、软岩边坡植被工程的作用。对浏阳磷矿边坡稳定性的分析表明植被对露天矿开采后期边坡安全开采起到良好作用。     

现场直剪试验在矿山边坡勘查中的应用

通过现场直剪试验与室内直剪试验方法成果进行比较，阐述了现场直剪试验方法的优点，对室内直剪试验存在的问题进行了探讨，分析说明现场直剪试验方法在矿山边坡勘查中的推广应用。饱和状态和天然状态下土的抗剪强度试验结果表明，孔隙水压力对边坡稳定产生较大影响。     

Methods applied in Australian industry to evaluate coal mine slope stability

Strata failure is a principal hazard in open cut coal mining as it has the potential to cause multiple fatalities. Prior to the excavation of any slope, a geotechnical assessment should review the likely slope performance, including the risk of slope failure. Controls to manage this risk to an acceptable level should accompany the geotechnical analysis. A survey of 43 practising geotechnical engineers indicated that kinematic and 2D limit equilibrium analyses were the methods most commonly applied to analyse excavated slope stability. While these methods are well established and widely applied in the broad rock engineering disciplines(e.g. civil, hard rock), a recent review of over 60 slope failures suggests these methods have limited suitability for modelling the complex failure mechanisms observed in excavated coal mine slopes. Kinematic techniques do not adequately capture the rock mass component of excavated slope failure and do not provide a geospatial location of potential failure, while 2D limit equilibrium techniques do not adequately capture the 3D mechanisms of excavated slope failures. Methods which do consider the 3D mechanisms of slope failure are summarized for industry consideration and application.     

Rapid and robust slope failure appraisal using aerial photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models

Slope failures are an inevitable aspect of economic pit slope designs in the mining industry. Large open pit guidelines and industry standards accept up to 30% of benches in open pits to collapse provided that they are controlled and that no personnel are at risk. Rigorous ground control measures including real time monitoring systems at TARP(trigger-action-response-plan) protocols are widely utilized to prevent personnel from being exposed to slope failure risks. Technology and computing capability are rapidly evolving. Aerial photogrammetry techniques using UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) enable geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists to work faster and more safely by removing themselves from potential line-of-fire near unstable slopes. Slope stability modelling software using limit equilibrium(LE) and finite element(FE) methods in three dimensions(3D) is also becoming more accessible, user-friendly and faster to operate. These key components enable geotechnical engineers to undertake site investigations,develop geotechnical models and assess slope stability faster and in more detail with less exposure to fall of ground hazards in the field. This paper describes the rapid and robust process utilized at BHP Limited for appraising a slope failure at an iron ore mine site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia using a combination of UAV photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models in less than a shift(i.e. less than 12 h).     

Experimental and numerical study on reinforcement effect of plate anchors or flip anchors on model slopes

Flip anchors are a kind of ground anchor that rotate and open in the ground to attain pull-out resistance without the use of grout. Compared to ordinary grouted ground anchors, flip anchors can be driven into the existing ground quickly and are suitable for the emergency reinforcement of slopes. However, little research has been done on the slope reinforcement effect of flip anchors. In this paper, experiments on a model slope reinforced by plate anchors or flip anchors were conducted. During the experiments, vertical loading with a rigid loading plate was applied to the shoulder of the model slope to investigate its stability. Experiments were firstly conducted with and without model plate anchors under a plane strain condition. Then, experiments were conducted using actual flip anchors under a three-dimensional condition. In these experiments, the depth of the anchor plates, h, and the installation state of the anchor heads of the flip anchors (open or closed anchor head condition) were varied. After the experiments, corresponding numerical simulations (FEM) were conducted, and a subloading t_ij model was applied to describe the soil behaviour. The numerical method used in this research successfully reproduced the reinforcing effect of the flip anchors. According to the test and calculated results, compared with the cases without reinforcement and with plate anchors, the effectiveness of the flip anchors for slope stability was verified. Moreover, the flip anchors installed under the closed anchor head condition required a larger displacement to produce a reinforcing effect than the anchors installed under the open anchor head condition.     

岩土工程边坡加固项目施工技术分析

本文在分析地形地貌、地质构造以及边坡岩体结构对边坡稳定性影响基础上,以某具体边坡加固项目为研究背景,从预应力锚索施工设计、修整边坡坡面、锚孔成孔、锚孔清孔、锚索制作与安装、锚固注浆、预应力张拉以及封锚等环节系统性的分析了边坡加固技术中预应力锚杆的施工技术,对同类型工程项目的施工具有一定的参考价值。     

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??Due to downhole complexities, shale-gas horizontal well fracturing in the Sichuan Basin suffered from casing deformation and failure to apply the technique of cable-conveyed perforation bridge plug. In view of these problems, a new technique of staged volume fracturing with temporary plugging by sand filling is employed. Based on theoretical analyses and field tests, a design of optimized parameters of coiled tubing multi-cluster sand-blasting perforation and temporary plugging by sand filling was proposed. It was applied in the horizontal Well ZJ-1 in which casing deformation occurred. The following results are achieved in field operations. First, this technique enables selective staged fracturing in horizontal sections. Second, this technique can realize massive staged fracturing credibly without mechanical plugging, with the operating efficiency equivalent to the conventional bridge plug staged fracturing. Third, full-hole is preserved after fracturing, thus it is possible to directly conduct an open flow test without time consumption of a wiper trip. The staged volume fracturing with temporary plugging by sand filling facilitated the 14-stage fracturing in Well ZJ-1, with similar SRV to that achieved by conventional bridge plug staged fracturing and higher gas yield than neighboring wells at the same platform. Thus, a new and effective technique is presented in multi-cluster staged volume fracturing of shale gas horizontal wells.     

从开发区建设到中国特色“边缘城市”发展——南沙的实证研究

1970年代以来,随着就业岗位的全面郊区化,美国郊区的边缘城市大量发育,成为美国郊区发展的新趋势。在中国,进入21世纪后,城市郊区化发展步入新阶段,城乡结合部的重要载体——开发区,在新一轮城市发展战略指引下面临转型与再开发,呈现向功能完善的“边缘城市”转型的发展态势。在此背景下,本文结合若干大城市开发区的实证案例,总结开发区转型发展所形成的中国“边缘城市”的主要特性。同时,以广州南沙为例,对其发展的阶段特征与动力机制展开研究,并将南沙与开发区导向的中国“边缘城市”的特性进行比较,以期为基于开发区的城乡结合部转型发展提供发展借鉴。     

地铁盾构在圆砾层端头加固设计

盾构端头加固是盾构始发、到达技术的重要环节,圆砾层进行盾构端头加固的设计及施工有其特殊性,介绍了在圆砾层采用连续墙加袖阀管注浆工法进行端头加固的工程设计实例,为盾构在类似地层进行端头加固设计提供借鉴。     

武广高铁某涵路过渡段动力特征分析

以武广高铁密集涵洞过渡段为例,建立了列车-轨道耦合的三维动力学分析模型,分析了350km/h高速行车条件下过渡段路基的动力响应特性。分析表明:①过渡段路基基床表层、底层的竖向振动的位移、速度、加速度均在涵洞顶最小,在涵洞侧面出现较快速增长;动应力的变化趋势则与之相反,在涵洞顶最大,涵洞两侧逐渐降低。②动响应沿路基深度呈指数函数形式衰减,基床表层至基床底层衰减较快,路基面下1m左右动响应幅值衰减渐趋于平缓,路基面下3m动响应衰减基本趋于稳定。其中振动加速度衰减最为明显,动位移、振动速度、动应力衰减则相对较缓。现场实车试验测试值与仿真计算值较为接近,表明采用的仿真分析方法较为可靠。