羧甲基壳聚糖制备的反应条件对最优取代度的影响研究

通过两步加碱法制备了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),利用数学模型优化反应条件,获得较高取代度下羧甲基壳聚糖的最佳实验条件。以控制单因素变量实验为基础,以单因素对取代度反应的灵敏度作为权重,通过初等拟合确定取代度与单因素变化关系,并综合取代度为单因素取代度的加权求和。对模型求解可得,设计的两步加碱法实验中最大取代度为1.24,原料用量比为:m(壳聚糖)∶m(氯乙酸)∶m(氢氧化钠)=1∶4.8∶4.8。通过计算证明得到的模型优度较高。     

INFLUENCE OF Co ON THE GLASS FORMING ABILITY AND SOFT MAGNETIC PROPERTY OF Fe–B–Y–Nb BULK AMORPHOUS ALLOY

采用吸铸法制备了直径为2---5 mm的[(Fe_1-xCo_x)_71.2B₂₄Y_4.8]₉₆Nb₄ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3和0.4) 合金棒. XRD测试表明, 用适量的Co替换Fe可有效提高原始
合金 (Fe_71.2B₂₄Y_4.8)₉₆Nb₄ 的玻璃形成能力, 拓宽非晶形成范围. 热分析结果显示所有的非晶合金均具有高的玻璃转变温度(T_g≥850 K) 和宽广的过冷液态区 (Δ T_x≥97 K). 此外, Co的替换明显改善了原始非晶合金的软磁性能, 其中成分为[(Fe_0.9Co_0.1)_71.2B₂₄Y_4.8]₉₆Nb₄的非晶合金的饱和磁化强度M_s达到26.6 kA/m, 矫顽力H_c仅为59 A/m.热磁实验表明, 随着Co含量的增加, 非晶合金的Curie温度不断升高, 最大值达到577 K, 与初始合金相比提高了100 K, 显著改善了原体系的热磁性能.     

镁基贮氢合金吸放氢动力学研究进展

介绍了纳米晶镁基贮氢合金的制备方法、添加催化剂和稀土元素取代对镁基贮氢合金气态吸放氢性能的影响,总结了镁基贮氢合金吸放氢动力学的研究现状,并就今后镁基贮氢材料的研究提出了一些想法。     

Effects of Sm addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg-10Y alloy简

To further increase the mechanical properties, 0.5wt.% Sm was introduced to a Mg-10Y alloy in this study. The effects of Sm addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-10Y alloy, especially the aged Mg-10Y alloy, were investigated. The microstructure observation and tensile tests were performed by using an optical microscopy, a scanning electron microscopy and a universal material testing machine, respectively. The phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the 0.5wt.% Sm addition can not only promote the formation of fine and dispersed Mg24Y5 phases, but also improve their morphology and distribution; it also increases the thermal stability of Mg24Y5 phases. Sm addition is seen to increase the ultimate tensile strength of Mg-10Y alloy at elevated temperatures(200, 250, 300 and 350 ℃), while decrease the elongation. But the elongation is still up to 7.5% even at 350 ℃. In the range of 250 ℃ to 300℃, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy reaches its maximum(with a range average of 235 MPa) and is not sensitive to the temperature change, which is very useful to the application of heat-resistant magnesium alloys. Even at 350 ℃, the ultimate tensile strength of Mg-10Y-0.5Sm is still up to 155 MPa. Considering both of the ultimate tensile strength and elongation, the maximum application temperature of the Mg-10Y-0.5Sm alloy can be up to 300 ℃. The strengthening mechanisms of Mg-10Y-0.5Sm alloy are mainly attributed to dispersion strengthening of Mg24Y5 phase particles with a certain solubility of Sm and grain refinement strengthening of α-Mg matrix.     

Sb掺杂Mg2-xZnxSi固溶体的热电性能

利用B2O3助熔剂法结合SPS技术制备了Mg2-xZnxSi0.99Sb0.01(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1)固溶体。测量了300 K - 780 K温度区间内试样的电导率、塞贝克系数和热导率。发现晶格热导率随Zn取代量的增大而降低。而电导率随Zn取代量的增大而先降低后增大。讨论了影响电导率与晶格热导率的变化规律的具体内在机制。所有样品中x=0.075样品的功率影子最高,在780 K达到1.76 mWm-1K-2,比基体Mg2Si0.99Sb0.01高约18%。x=0.1样品具有最低的晶格热导率,在770 K达到2.86 Wm-1K-1。低晶格热导率使Mg1.9Zn0.1Si0.99Sb0.01具有最高热电优值,在780 K达到0.37。     

氯乙酸醚化PVA聚阴离子膜材料的制备及表征

利用超声振荡,以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和氯乙酸为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,制备聚阴离子膜材料.考察了影响取代度的各因素,确定最佳工艺条件为：聚乙烯醇3 g,氯乙酸6.5 g,超声振荡时间1 h,反应温度70 ℃,水用量27 mL.利用红外光谱对聚离子材料的化学结构进行了表征,并对醚化反应的取代度、材料的溶解性进行了测试.     

微波辅助合成甲氧羰基-β-环糊精碳酸酯

以绿色试剂碳酸二甲酯、β-环糊精为原料,无水碳酸钾为催化剂,探索了在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,采用微波辐射技术一步合成甲氧羰基-β-环糊精碳酸酯的新工艺。采用红外光谱、核磁共振技术对产品结构进行了表征,红外谱图在1 751 cm-1处有典型的C O峰,13C-NMR核磁谱证明有碳酸酯C O及CH3O—,由此推测其结构为β-CD-OCOOCH3。应用电喷雾质谱测定了产品平均取代度为2.423,并结合高效液相色谱法测定了原料β-环糊精转化率为93.22%。结果表明:该新工艺合成了一种新型化合物β-环糊精碳酸酯,而且与传统合成工艺相比,其具有能耗低,收率高,反应时间短等优点。     

马来酸酯淀粉对热敏感型纤维的低温粘合强度

碱性条件下,以马来酸酐为酯化剂,制备了一系列具有不同取代度的马来酸酯淀粉,探讨了取代度和温度对淀粉与纤维粘合强度的影响。结果表明,淀粉经马来酸酯变性,改善了淀粉对热敏感羊毛和粘胶纤维在较低温度下的粘合强度,且随着取代度的增加,粘合强度均逐渐增大;随着温度的降低,粘合强度下降的趋势均得到缓解。马来酸酯淀粉取代度0.04,温度50⁶5℃为宜。     

Preparation of New Benzoylthiourea-functionalized PVC Resin and Investigation of the Complexation Properties

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) have been modified, using a two-step process with amine and benzoyl isothiocyanate groups. In the present paper, PVC-N,N′-(3,3′-(ethane-1,2-diyl bis(azanediyl))bis (propane-3,1-diyl))bis(azanediyl)bis(thioxomethylene) dibenzamide one have been synthesized. Its complexes have been prepared with CoCl₂, NiCl₂, PtCl₂ and HgCl₂. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-VIS, TGA, SEM, ^IH NMR.     

Ca1-x（Li1/2Sm1/2）xTiO3体系微波介质陶瓷的低温烧结研究

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺,制备了添加10 wt%NCB(Na2O-CaO-B3O3)复合氧化物的Ca1-x(Li1/2Sm1/2)xTiO3(x=0.700～0.875)(CLST-x)体系陶瓷,研究了添加NCB后CLST-x体系的晶相组成、显微结构、烧结性能及微波介电性能与组成关系.研究结果表明,添加复合氧化物NCB后,CLST-x体系各组成主晶相仍呈斜方钙钛矿结构,没有其它杂相.添加10wt%NCB后,CLST-x体系陶瓷均可在950℃下烧结致密,在此温度下材料具有较佳的微波介电性能,其中CLST-0.875陶瓷在950℃保温5 h烧结后具有良好的微波介电性能:εr=63.6,Qf=1591 GHz,τ f=0 ppm/℃,可满足高介多层微波器件的设计要求.