Evaluation of bismuth doped La2-xBixNiO4+δ (x = 0, 0.02 and 0.04) as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells

Bismuth doped La_2-xBi_xNiO_4+δ (x = 0, 0.02 and 0.04) oxides are investigated as SOFC cathodes. The effects of Bi doping on the phase structure, thermal expansion, electrical conduction behavior as well as electrochemical performance are studied. All the samples exist as a tetragonal Ruddlesden-Popper structure. Bi-doped LBNO-0.02 and LBNO-0.04 have good chemical and thermal compatibility with LSGM electrolyte. The average TEC over 20–900°С was 13.4 × 10^?6 and 14.2 × 10^?6 K^?1 for LBNO-0.02 and LBNO-0.04, respectively. The electrical conductivity was decreasing with the rise of Bi doping content. EIS measurement indicates Bi doping can decrease the ASR values. At 750 °C, the obtained ASR for LBNO-0.04 is 0.18 Ωcm², which is 56% lower than that of the sample without Bi doping, suggesting Bi doping is beneficial to the electrochemical catalytic activity of LBNO cathodes.     

Engineering oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanowire as high-efficiency and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall alkaline water splitting

A novel kind of vacancy-rich nanowire arrays were prepared by reducing rough Co₃O₄ nanowires with NaBH₄ solution on 3D nickel foam at room temperature for overall water splitting. Co₃O₄/NF treated by NaBH₄ for 10 min was highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and simultaneously efficient for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the need of the overpotentials of 240 and 132 mV to drive 10 mA·cm^-2 in alkaline media, respectively. Furthermore, the electrocatalysts as both cathode and anode in a two-electrode system presented excellent durability for over 60 h at 10 mA·cm^-2, maintaining the cell voltage of merely 1.63 V. This work provides new methods and ideas for the preparation of transition metal oxide bifunctional electrocatalysts rich in oxygen vacancies.     

Fe-Al合金中与Al反位置原子弛豫有关的内耗峰

利用内耗方法对Fe47Al53合金中Al反位置原子的运动特征进行了研究,在410℃附近观察到了一个与合金热历史相关的弛豫型内耗峰.在快冷样品中内耗峰高度明显高于慢冷样品时内耗峰的高度;而对于快冷样品,升温测量时内耗峰高度又明显高于随后的降温测量时内耗峰的高度,内耗峰高度表明该内耗峰与快冷时残留的缺陷有关.由于该内耗峰激活能为1.88 eV,与Fe47Al53合金中Fe空位的迁移能相当,因而该峰应产生于应力诱导下Al反位置原子在Fe空位之间的运动.     

Sm2Co17型高温稀土永磁的微结构与磁性能

采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、磁力显微镜（MFM）和原位X射线衍射（XRD）等探讨Sm2Co17型稀土永磁材料的胞状结构、畴结构和相结构及其对磁性能的影响,制备使用温度为500℃的高温稀土永磁材料。结果表明,Sm（CoFe0.11Cu0.10Zr0.03）7.5具有很好的高温稳定性,500℃时的磁性能为：Br=0.708 T,Hci=646.7 kA/m,BHmax=85.4 kJ/m^3;其磁畴宽度远小于晶粒尺寸,但大于胞状结构的尺寸,使用温度较高的磁体具有较小的磁畴和胞状结构;当使用温度小于300℃时,Sm2Co17型磁体内存在的相结构为2：17R、2：17H和1：5相,矫顽力主要受1：5相的钉扎而产生;当300℃〈t〈tc^1：5时,部分1：5相转变成中间相并最终转变成2：7相,磁体的矫顽力将由1：5相钉扎和2：7相形核所控制;当t≥tc^1：5时,磁体的矫顽力将全部由非磁性1：5相和2：7相形核所控制。     

壳聚糖-Sm~(3+)配合物的制备及其生理活性研究

以壳聚糖、氧化钐为原料,制备了壳聚糖-Sm3 配合物,用紫外、红外、差热等分析手段对其配住效果进行了探讨,并对所制备的配合物做了生理活性试验.结果表明,壳聚糖与Sm3 进行了配位反应,红外光谱反映的信息是壳聚糖分子中参与配位的基团主要是羟基.氨基的配位信息不明显,壳聚糖及其配合物的紫外波长、红外波数及其对应的相关温度随着壳聚糖相对分子量的降低而降低,但壳聚糖与Sm3 形成配合物后,配合物的焓变值却增大,稳定性提高,配位效果增强,且所制备配合物具有优良的抗菌、抑菌等某些生理活性.     

The origin of the modulated structure in Sr2CuO3+δ (δ = 0.4): [CuO2] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy?

We propose the question of the modulated structures of copper oxide is caused by the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy. Sr₂CuO_3+δ single-crystal samples were prepared using high-temperature and high-pressure methods. The major phase of Sr₂CuO_3+δ (δ = 0.4) single-crystal system is found to be constituted by the 5 a modulated structure with the Fmmm space group, which originates from the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy appearing in octahedral Cu-O. Besides, the presence of the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy may obliterate the superconductivity of the system. Experimental results deduce that the oxygen vacancy may appear in the apical oxygen sites in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors.     

Co‐synthesis of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3‐Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite Cathode with Enhanced Electrochemical Property for Intermediate Temperature SOFCs

A 70 wt.% Sm_0.5Sr_0.5CoO₃ – 30 wt.% Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 (SSC–SDC73) composite cathode was co‐synthesized by a facile one‐step sol–gel method, which showed lower polarization resistance and overpotential than those of physically mixed SSC–SDC73 cathode. The polarization resistance of co‐synthesized SSC–SDC73 cathode at 800 °C was as low as 0.03 Ω cm² in air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the enhanced electrochemical property was mainly attributed to the smaller grains and good dispersion of SSC and SDC phases within the composite cathode, leading to an increase in three‐phase boundary length. The dependence of polarization resistance with oxygen partial pressure indicated that the rate‐limiting step for oxygen reduction reaction was the dissociation of molecular oxygen to atomic oxygen process. An anode supported fuel cell with a co‐synthesized SSC–SDC73 cathode exhibited a peak power density of 924 mW cm⁻² at 800 °C. Our results suggested that co‐synthesized composite was a promising cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs).     

Oxygen vacancy induced ferromagnetism in Cu-doped ZnO

Cu-doped ZnO was synthesized by hydrothermal method in a pulsed magnetic field. X-ray diffraction reveals the hexagonal wurtzite structure as with pure ZnO. The application of pulsed magnetic field increases the oxygen vacancy content and doping level of Cu²⁺ analyzed by Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The origin of ferromagnetism is attributed to the oxygen vacancies induced Cu²⁺ ferromagnetic coupling.     

Luminescence Properties of Sm^3＋ doped Bi2ZnB2O7

The phosphors of （Bi1- x Smx ） 2ZnB2O7 （ x = 0. 01, 0. 03, 0. 05, 0. 07, and 0. 09） were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction. The purity of all samples was checked by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. XRD analysis shows that all these compounds are of a single phase of Bi2ZnB2O7, indicating that the Bi^3＋ in Bi2ZnB2O7 can be partly replaced by the Sm^3＋ without the change of crystal structure. The excitation and emission spectra at room temperature show the typical 4f-4f transitions of Sm^3＋ . The dominant excitation line is around 404 nm due to ^6H5/2→^4K11/2 and the emission spectrum consists of a series of lines at 563, 599, 646, and 704 nm due to ^4G5/2→^6H5/2, ^6H7/2, ^6H9/2, and ^6H11/2, respectively. The optimal concentration of Sm^3＋ in Bi2ZnB2O7 is about 3mol% （relative to lmol Bi^3＋ ） and the critical distance Rc was calculated as 2.1 nm. The temperature dependence of the emission intensity of Bi1.94Sm0.06ZnB2O7 was examined in the temperature range between 100 and 450 K. The quenching temperature where the intensity has dropped to half of the initial intensity is 280 K. The lifetime for Sm^3＋ in Bi1.94Sm0.06ZnB2O7 is fitted as a value of 0.29 and 1.03 ms.     

Computer simulation of correlated self-diffusion via randomly migrating vacancies in cubic crystals

Title of program: RANDOM VACANCY MIGRATION Catalog number: ACKO Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland (see application form in this issue) Computer: CDC 6600; Installation: University of Stuttgart Operating system: Scope 3.4 Programming language used: FORTRAN IV High speed storage required: 58 000 words No. of bits in a word: 60 Overlay structure: none No. of magnetic tapes required: none Other peripherals used: card reader, line printer No of cards in combined program and test deck: 718 Card punching code: BCD