高温固相法制备LiFePO4／C正极材料及其性能研究

以Fe2O3,LiH2PO4,乙炔黑和蔗糖为原料,采用高温固相合成方法制备LiFePO4／C复合正极材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和电化学测试等方法对合成材料的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,合成材料为单一晶相正交晶系结构,在电压为2．50～4．20V（vs．Li^＋／Li）,以0．1mA／cm^2电流密度下经恒电流充放电测试,其首次放电比容量为156．3mAh／g,经过30周充放电循环后放电比容量为157．7mAh／g,表现出较大的初始放电比容量和优异的循环性能。     

一种基于Cr4+:YAG晶体的紧凑高效被动调Q脉冲激光器

研究并设计了一种基于Nd:YVO4晶体的紧凑高效全固态1064nm激光器。在连续波运转状态下,当泵浦功率为7.8W时,激光器最大输出功率为2.49W,相应的光-光转化效率为31.92%,斜率效率为35.77%。在此基础上,利用尺寸为Cr4+:YAG晶体作为被动调Q元件,实现了1064nm稳定调Q脉冲运转。当激光器谐振腔优化为9 cm、泵浦功率为7.8W时,实验获得了2.13 W的调Q脉冲输出,相应的光-光转换效率为27.31%,重复频率为357.1KHz,脉冲宽度为75ns。     

Improved solid-state conversion and piezoelectric properties of 90Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-5BaTiO3-5K1/2Na1/2NbO3 single crystals

Na_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃-BaTiO₃-K_1/2Na_1/2NbO₃ (NBT-BT-KNN) is a promising candidate system for actuator applications in lead-free piezoelectric materials because of its large electric-field-induced strain. We were able to fabricate 96.9% dense 90NBT-5BT-5KNN (mol%) single crystals by the solid-state single crystal growth technique using sintered pellets and SrTiO₃ seed crystals. The fabricated single crystals with a 〈001〉 direction exhibited high piezoelectric performance with a large strain of 0.67% and a high converse piezoelectric constant (S_max/E_max) of about 1670 pm/V at 4 kV/mm. These values are much higher than those previously reported for ceramics, 0.45% and 560 pm/V at 8 kV/mm, and for single crystals, 0.57% and 950 pm/V at 6 kV/mm, of the NBT-BT-KNN system. The measured piezoelectric properties are even comparable with those of lead-containing piezoelectric single crystals, which demonstrates high applicability of the fabricated NBT-5BT-5KNN single crystals for actuators.     

Mechanical properties, morphology and molecular characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) toughened by natural rubber

The melt blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and natural rubber (NR) in a twin-screw extruder is studied. Parameters affecting the blend properties such as the amounts of the NR in the blends and screw speeds are investigated. Increased toughness of the PET/NR blend was found as the amount of NR was increased. The impact strength of the PET/NR (80/20 wt%) blend using a screw speed of 100 rpm, increased up to seven-fold when compared to that of pure PET. The morphology of the blend was investigated by SEM. The molecular characteristic was evaluated by spectroscopic technique. The toughening effect of NR on the PET might come from the possible interaction between the two phases, which was clearly evidenced by solid-state CP/MAS ¹³C NMR data. The data revealed an increase in the cross polarization time (T_D) of the carbonyl carbon and a decrease of the relaxation of the carbonyl groups in the PET/NR blend. This should come from the interaction between the carbonyl group of PET with some abnormal groups such as hydroxyl function in the NR, resulting in an improvement of the compatibility of the studied blends.     

PBT的固相缩聚的工艺研究

本文用固相缩聚的方法合成了高分子量ＰＢＴ,并研究了温度,时间对ＰＢＴ固相缩聚反应速度的影响;同时还用ＤＳＣ法分析了所合成ＰＢＴ的熔融行为。     

Solid-State Interaction of Aluminium Hydroxide with Lithium Salts

The solid-state synthesis of [LiAl₂(OH)₆]Cl · mH₂O at room and elevated temperatures from powdered solid reagents, lithium chloride and gibbsite, is described. The synthesis is performed with the help of different devices including a laboratory mixer, large-scale laboratory arm mixer, and planetary centrifugal mill. The interaction of the components depends on both the dispersity of Al(OH)₃ and the nature of lithium chloride. At the initial stage, the interaction is limited by the rate of lithium chloride diffusion through the layer of the product formed. Activation energy, calculated according to the Valency–Carter equation, is 53 ± 5 kJ/mol.     

无机固态电解质的应用技术问题与改性策略

为了在储能技术领域实现高能量密度和良好的安全性目标,全固态锂电池(ASSLBs)成为广泛研究的焦点。作为全固态锂电池的主要组成部分,无机固态电解质在全固态锂电池中起着至关重要的作用。在过去的几年里,无机固态电解质的研究已经取得了重大进展。经过几十年的研究努力,各种具有高离子导电性的锂固体电解质相继报道,硫化物固态电解质在高电位下的不稳定性限制了他在超过4.0 V (vs.Li⁺/Li)的高压正极材料中的应用;氧化物固态电解质在固固接触上的固有刚性限制了其机械加工性能;卤化物固态电解质同硫化物一并具有严重的空气湿度不稳定性,阻碍其大规模应用。针对电池循环过程中,固态电解质与电极匹配的界面副反应问题、材料本征的吸湿性(空气湿度稳定性差)的问题,以及固态电解质与电极界面物理接触失效问题等技术问题及其改进策略进行了总结和探讨,并提出了关于无机固态电解质自身与界面稳定性未来可行的研究方向。     

Simultaneously enhancing the thermal stability and electrochemical performance of solid polymer electrolytes by incorporating rod-like Zn2(OH)BO3 particles

Solid polymer electrolytes provide high safety and good electrochemical stability in solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) compared with conventional liquid electrolytes. In this work, a novel solid polymer composite electrolyte based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) filled with rod-like Zn₂(OH)BO₃ particles was prepared by a grinding process followed with a heating treatment process and a cold pressing process. The effect of the incorporation amount of rod-like Zn₂(OH)BO₃ particles on the ionic conductivity was investigated systemically. It is found that 10 mol% of rod-like Zn₂(OH)BO₃ particles addition resulted in a highest ionic conductivity of 2.78 × 10⁻⁵ at 30 °C and the improved ionic conductivity was considered to be caused by the reducing of PEO crystallinity and the increasing of Li ion migrating pathway on the interface between the Zn₂(OH)BO₃ and PEO. In addition, the optimum composite electrolyte exhibited a high electrochemical stability window of 4.51 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), good lithium stability and excellent thermal stability.     

Investigation of the thermochemical transformations in the LiAlH4-LiNH2 system

The thermal transformations in the lithium alanate-amide system consisting of lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) and lithium amide (LiNH₂), mixed in a 1:1 M ratio, were investigated using the pressure-composition-temperature analysis, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray powder diffraction, and residual gas analysis. Below 250 °C, the alanate decomposes into Al, LiH and H₂, through the formation of Li₃AlH₆, whereas the amide remains largely intact. The release of gaseous hydrogen corresponds to approximately 5 wt%. Above 250 °C, additional ∼4 wt% of hydrogen is produced through solid-state reactions among LiNH₂, LiH and metallic Al, through the formation of intermetallic Li-Al binary alloy and an unidentified intermediate. The overall reaction of the thermochemical transformation of the LiAlH₄-LiNH₂ mixture results in the production of Li₃AlN₂, metallic Al, LiH and the release of 9 wt% of gaseous hydrogen. The reaction mechanism of the thermal decomposition is different from one identified earlier during mechanical treatment of the same system. Rehydrogenation of the thermally-decomposed products of LiAlH₄-LiNH₂ mixture using high hydrogen pressure (180 bar) and heating (275 °C) yields LiNH₂ and amorphous aluminum nitride (AlN).     

红色长余辉发光材料BaMg_2Si_2O_7∶Pr,Mn的制备及性质研究

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料BaMg2Si2O7∶Pr,Mn,利用X晶体衍射仪、扫描电镜、荧光光谱、热释光测量仪等对材料的性能进行了表征,结果分析证明BaMg2Si2O7∶Pr,Mn以Mn2+为发光中心,Pr3+为共激活离子,在紫外光的照射下能够得到由Mn2+的4T1(4G)→6A1(6S)跃迁产生的峰值在666nm发射峰,产生红光发射,撤离激发光源后,能够产生余辉,且余辉时间可以持续达40分钟以上,基质中存在着Pr3+→Mn2+的能量传递,能够增强其荧光发射峰强度并对余辉性能有一定促进作用。