Free convection to power‐law fluids from a vertical cone of variable surface temperature

Steady free convection laminar boundary‐layer flow about a heated vertical cone immersed in a quiescent power‐law fluid is investigated. Surface temperature is assumed to have a power‐law variation with the distance. Similarity solutions are obtained numerically for the boundary‐layer velocity and temperature profiles. Magnitudes of the velocity and temperature profiles are found to decrease with increasing values of the flow behaviour index and the surface temperature exponent. The effects of flow behaviour index and the generalized Prandtl number on the surface shear stress and heat flux are determined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

羊毛无氯超耐洗整理——技术实践新标准

新型无氯羊毛整理工艺可获得超耐洗羊毛。该工艺主要利用caroate化学反应（过氧单硫酸），避免了因广泛使用氯化-赫科赛特羊毛防缩法而导致的生态负面影响。这一新整理理念的工艺已实现规模化生产。     

双循环法测定等液相组成汽—液平衡数据的研究及其应用

本工作研究了用双循环法测定等液相组成汽-液平衡数据的特点,建立了一种新型的SG—Ⅱ双循环沸点仪,测定了乙醇-正已烷体系15个浓度时的等液相组成数据,并推算了该体系298.15K至328.15K时的等温汽-液平衡、过量自由焓和微分汽化热。     

Star-anise (Illicium verum) and black caraway (Carum nigrum) as natural antioxidants

The various solvent fractions of star-anise (Illicium verum) and black caraway (Carum nigrum), along with their spice powders and volatile oils, were prepared and evaluated for antioxygenic activity, using different methods. Star-anise powder and its ethanol/water (80:20)-soluble fraction showed strong antioxygenic activity in refined sunflower oil while the petroleum ether fraction exhibited marginal antioxygenic activity and the water-soluble fraction was practically devoid of any activity in sunflower oil. The black caraway powder showed marginal antioxygenic activity while its ethanol/water fraction (80:20) showed strong antioxygenic activity and all other fractions showed slight pro-oxygenic activity in refined sunflower oil. Both the spice powders and their extracts were also evaluated for antioxidant activity by linoleic acid peroxidaton, β-carotene-linoleate and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Both the star-anise and black caraway powders, as well as their ethanol/water extracts, exhibited strong antioxygenic activity. Volatile oils from both the spices exhibited antioxygenic activity and the activity did not seem to be concentration-dependent. Volatile oils from star-anise showed relatively higher antioxygenic activity than did those from black caraway. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) studies on star-anise and black caraway volatile oils resulted in the identification of 25 and 22 compounds, respectively, representing 94–97% of the total content.     

Volatile and semi-volatile components of oak wood chips analysed by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)

Volatile and semi-volatile compounds of French and American oak wood used in wine and spirits ageing were extracted by an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE) and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. More than 90 compounds were isolated, characterised and quantified after being separated on two chromatographic columns with distinct polarity. The main oak wood components were quantitatively determined by using standard reference compounds. In addition, a number of compounds, mainly guaiacol and syringol derivatives, were detected and characterised. In particular, 10 compounds were tentatively identified as lignin dimers derivatives, whose presence in oak wood chips or barrels for wine and spirits ageing had not been previously described. Several of the characterised compounds enabled a distinction to be drawn between medium and high toasted wood chips, independently of their geographical origin.     

4,5-二芳基噁唑的光化学环化消除合成菲并[9,10-d]噁唑

具有异芪生色团结构的分子是有机光化学研究的重要对象。4,5-二芳基嗯唑(1)具有部分结构与异芪类似,本文对其分子内环化消除过程和产物进行了研究。 本文认为1的环化消除过程如下:     

平面闸门流固耦合自振特性研究

为了使设计的闸门自振频率远离水流的高能脉动主频率段，以保证闸门的安全，在重点考虑流固耦合引起的“附加质量”对闸门自振特性的影响的基础上，采用三维边界元的数值分析方法，获取闸门的自振频率和振型模态特性。对德清大闸定轮平面闸门的数值计算结果表明：水头对闸门的影响总趋势是使其自振频率降低、振动模态发生变化；闸门局部开启工况第1阶频率较低，振型主要是门叶沿竖直方向的整体振动；低阶振动模态中除门叶竖直方向的整体振动模态外，其余各阶均显示为门叶的弹性变形振动。为提高闸门自振频率，需对其结构进行优化设计。     

扫描光屏法在PIV技术测量自由剪切层中的应用

ＰＩＶ技术是九十年代实验流体力学的重大成就。它能够提供瞬时整个流场的定量信息，而且具有很高的空间分辨率和很好的精度。为了获得清晰可靠的ＰＩＶ底片，人们对实验方法作了很多改进。本文讨论了近年使用较多的扫描光屏法，提出了该方法在使用中特别注意的一些问题，并给出了用该方法测量自由剪切流场的结果。     

Research on router device of OAM optical communication

With the development of orbital angular momentum (OAM) based optical communication technology,OAM router played an important role in improving the flexibility and practicability of OAM communication system.In recent years,the research on multifunctional OAM router had also been developed rapidly.Based on this,the research results on the OAM router had been summarized and reviewed,in which the principles,research methods,advantages and disadvantages of six types of OAM router,with the functions of switching,multicast,filtering,adding/extraction,and jumping and mode dividing respectively,had been discussed and summarized in details.Meanwhile,the future developing trend of the OAM router has also been prospected and discussed in the end.     

基于SPH方法的自由水面溢流过程开边界数值模拟

SPH方法是近年发展起来的流体数值模拟的一种新方法.目前,SPH方法流体模拟主要是经典的激波、Poiseuille流、Couette流、腔内剪切流及像溃坝一样的自由表面流动.均属于初始给定所有粒子的闭边界数值模拟.该文依据SPH方法,采用周期运动边界,实现了溢流坝自由表面流开边界数值模拟.计算水面线与物模实测结果吻合较好.