油基岩屑残渣自悬浮支撑剂的制备及性能评价

目的为了安全有效地处置和利用页岩气开采过程中产生的油基岩屑残渣,采用其烧结陶粒支撑剂,同时,为提高支撑剂在清水中的悬浮性能、改善支撑剂在裂缝中的分布、简化压裂施工工艺、提高压裂增产效果,进行了自悬浮支撑剂的制备与研究。 方法通过聚合反应将聚丙烯胺树脂包覆在支撑剂表面,制得膨胀型自悬浮支撑剂,研究了交联剂用量、单体量、合成温度对自悬浮支撑剂膨胀性能的影响。 结果覆膜材料配比(质量比)为:m(陶粒)∶m(丙烯酰胺)∶m(N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)∶m(过硫酸铵)∶m(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺)=10.000∶2.000∶0.002∶0.020∶0.031时,自悬浮支撑剂性能最佳,其膨胀倍数为4.3,沉降速度为45 mm/s。 结论覆膜支撑剂自悬浮功能的实现主要与聚丙烯酰胺树脂的溶胀有关,树脂的体积膨胀和聚丙烯酰胺分子链向外延伸引起溶液黏度的增加,提升了支撑剂在溶液中的沉降阻力。该研究对拓宽油基岩屑烧结支撑剂的应用范围、提高油基岩屑残渣资源化利用产品附加值有十分重要的意义。      

One step synthesis process for fabricating NiFe2O4 nanoparticle loaded porous carbon spheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

In the present work, the porous hollow carbon spheres loaded with NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles have been successfully prepared via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique at 700?°C and the associated formation mechanism has been studied. The as-prepared NiFe₂O₄/carbon microspheres with the diameter of about 3–5?µm and the specific surface area of 236.6889?m²?g^?1 exhibit good monodispersity and an abundance of mesopores of about 40?nm size. Notably, the 20?nm NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles are encapsulated by carbon microspheres and disperse homogeneously inside the carbon matrix. We could tune the relative content of ferrite and carbon sphere via adjusting the composition of the solution used for synthesis and the carbonization temperature. Consequently, some interesting properties can be obtained by combining the magnetic NiFe₂O₄ nano powder and the electrically conductive porous carbon, which renders the resulting composite suitable for promising applications in electromagnetic wave absorption, treatment of polluted water, catalyst design, energy storage, batteries and so on.     

不同涂布率再造烟叶的热解特性及动力学分析

为研究不同涂布率再造烟叶的热解特性,采用热分析技术并结合Coats-Redfern法研究了不同涂布率再造烟叶的热解行为及主要失重阶段的动力学参数变化规律,进一步监测了再造烟叶热解过程中的气体成分释放.结果表明:① 随再造烟叶涂布率增加,样品中C质量分数逐渐升高,O质量分数呈降低趋势,微观组织结构差异不明显.② 再造烟叶...     

Distribution of heavy metals during pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards

The volatilization behavior of Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Cd during pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards was investigated in a bench-scale fixed-bed pyrolysis system. It was found that volatility of heavy metals increases with operating temperature elevating, and bromine and vacuum have an obvious promoting effect on volatility of most of heavy metals. Over 99% weight of Cu and Ni are still remained in solid residue after pyrolysis, about 20% weight of Sb, Zn and Cd are transfered into liquid and gas during a pyrolysis process at 600 ℃, volatilization fractions of Pb, Sn, Mn, Co, Cr are less than 10% at the same conditions. The contents of heavy metals in liquid and gas products depend on not only volatility of metals, but also their initial contents in printed circuit boards, pyrolysis liquid and gas are primarily contaminated by Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb and Zn, their contents in liquid vary from 10^2 to 10^3 pg/mL, Mn, Co, Cr, Cd were detected only at very low level, less than 10 μg/mL.     

(La,Sr)CoO_3薄膜的制备及其光催化特性研究

为研究薄膜的光催化特性,通过金属有机配合物前驱体热分解制备(La,Sr)CoO3(LSCO)薄膜,采用热分析研究其热分解过程,通过X射线衍射进行物相分析,并制备ZnO纳米棒-单层LSCO薄膜复合结构,进行降解甲基橙有机模拟污染物实验。结果表明,在焙烧温度为550℃时可以得到质量较好的LSCO薄膜,且LSCO具有良好的结晶性;光催化降解实验证明LSCO能提高ZnO纳米棒的光催化活性,提高有机污染物的降解率。     

钙对生物质/塑料混合物共热解特性及动力学的影响

为了探究Ca2+对生物质/塑料混合物热解的影响,采用热重分析法研究了Ca2+浸渍酸洗玉米秸秆(ACS)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)混合物(AHM)的热解特性.结果表明,Ca2+的添加,使得AHM的初始分解温度以及第一失重峰对应温度均有所降低;此外,由于Ca2+的添加,AHM的第二失重峰对应温度基本不变,最大失重速率有所增...     

Effect of deposition conditions on the physical properties of SnxSy thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique

Tin sulfide thin films (Sn_xS_y) with an atomic ratio of y/x = 0.5 have been deposited on a glass substrate by spray pyrolysis. The effects of deposition parameters, such as spray solution rate (R), substrate temperature (T_s) and film thickness (t), on the structural, optical, thermo-electrical and photoconductivity related properties of the films have been studied. The precursor solution was prepared by dissolving tin chloride (SnCl₄, 5H₂O) and thiourea in propanol, and Sn_xS_y thin film was prepared with a mole ratio of y/x = 0.5. The prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. It is indicated that the XRD patterns of Sn_xS_x films have amorphous and polycrystalline structures and the size of the grains has been changed from 7 to 16 nm. The optical gap of Sn_xS_x thin films is determined to be about 2.41 to 3.08 eV by a plot of the variation of (αhν)² versus hν related to the change of deposition conditions. The thermoelectric and photo-conductivity measurement results for the films show that these properties are depend considerably on the deposition parameters.     

含水木材热解和着火试验研究

在自行研制的火灾固体可燃物热解和着火早期特性试验台上,针对建筑装潢中常用的水曲柳木材进行热解和着火特性试验。辐射热流选择20～70kW／m^2。试验结果表明,水分对木材的热解和着火特性影响很大。相同的辐射热流下,随着含水率的增加,木材的着火时间延长;辐射热流强度对木材的热解和着火也有很大影响,随着外加辐射热流的增加,木材的着火时间逐渐缩短。提出一个考虑水分影响的木材热解模型,通过模型计算的木材表面温度和失重与试验结果对比,两者吻合较好。     

响应面法优化红柳枝烟熏液制备工艺及其理化特性分析

以红柳枝为实验材料,在高温下干馏（厌氧热解）得到烟熏液,通过单因素试验和响应面设计法,研究干馏温度、干馏时间和木材厚度对红柳枝烟熏液产率、酚含量、羰基化合物含量的影响,进而确定红柳枝烟熏液制备工艺参数的最优组合。在最佳制备工艺参数的基础上,探究干馏温度对红柳枝烟熏液色泽的影响和吸附精制处理对红柳枝烟熏液理化性质的影响。结果表明：最优参数组合为干馏温度402.22 ℃、干馏时间75.66 min、木材厚度0.627 cm,该条件下制备烟熏液的酚含量为10.066 mg/mL、羰基化合物含量为14.35 g/100 mL、烟熏液产率为33.082%;烟熏液的亮度值（L*）随干馏温度的增大而降低,黄度值（b*）、色度值和色调随干馏温度的增大变化趋势与L*相似,但红度值（a*）的变化趋势与L*相反（P＜0.05）,随干馏温度的升高,红柳枝烟熏液总色泽的变化趋势由淡黄色至棕褐色,当干馏温度为380 ℃时,总色差（ΔE）最小,红柳枝烟熏液的色泽鲜艳、与商业烟熏液最接近;大孔树脂与核桃壳吸附精制对烟熏液pH值没有影响,但降低苯并(a)芘含量、酚含量、羰基化合物含量和烟熏液产率（P＜0.05）,苯并(a)芘含量远低于国标限量（0.5 μg/kg）。