超临界直流炉蒸汽发生器的建模与仿真分析

研究以某600MW机组超临界直流炉的蒸汽发生器为对象,从过程基本方程出发,建立单相及两相受热管动态特性的动力学方程.采用随体导数法建立了关于在亚临界及超临界工况的非线件分布参数动态数学模型.针对蒸汽发生器在两种典型工况下的动态特性进行了仿真研究,所得结果,对进一步研究超临界直流锅炉的安全运行中全工况动态仿真提供有意义的设计参考.     

Versatile Hypoxic Extracellular Vesicles Laden in an Injectable and Bioactive Hydrogel for Accelerated Bone Regeneration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an appealing alternative to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Unlike bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) cultured in vitro with normoxia, bone marrow in vivo is exposed to a hypoxic environment. To date, it remains unclear whether hypoxia preconditioning can improve the function of BMSC-derived EVs and be more conducive to bone repair. Herein, it is found that hypoxia preconditioned BMSCs secrete more biglycan (Bgn)-rich EVs via proteomics analysis, and these hypoxic EVs (Hypo-EVs) significantly promote osteoblast proliferation, migration, differentiation, and mineralization by activating the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Subsequently, an injectable bioactive hydrogel composed of poly(ethylene glycol)/polypeptide copolymers is developed to improve the stability and retention of Hypo-EVs in vivo. The Hypo-EVs-laden hydrogel shows continuous liberation of Hypo-EVs for 3 weeks and substantially accelerates bone regeneration in 5-mm rat cranial defects. Finally, it is confirmed that Bgn in EVs is a pivotal protein regulating osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and exerts its effects through paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, this study shows that hypoxia stimulation is an effective approach to optimize the therapeutic effects of BMSC-derived EVs and that injectable hydrogel-based EVs delivery is a promising strategy for tissue regeneration.     

Femtosecond Laser 4D Printing of Light-Driven Intelligent Micromachines

Intelligent micromachines that respond to external light stimuli have a broad range of potential applications, such as microbots, biomedicine, and adaptive optics. However, artificial light-driven intelligent micromachines with a low actuation threshold, rapid responsiveness, and designable and precise 3D transformation capability remain unachievable to date. Here, a single-material and one-step 4D printing strategy are proposed to enable the nanomanufacturing of agile and low-threshold light-driven 3D micromachines with programmable shape-morphing characteristics. The as-developed carbon nanotube-doped composite hydrogel simultaneously enhanced the light absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical modulus of the crosslinked network, thus significantly increasing the light sensitivity and response speed of micromachines. Moreover, the structural design and assembly of asymmetric microscale mechanical metamaterial unit cells enable the highly efficient additive nanomanufacturing of 3D shape-morphable micromachines with large dynamic modulation and spatiotemporal controllability. Using this strategy, the world's smallest artificial beating heart with programmable light-stimulus responsiveness for the cardiac cycle is successfully printed. This 4D printing method paves the way for the construction of multifunctional intelligent micromachines for bionics, drug delivery, integrated microsystems, and other fields.     

Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Autograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC-related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long-distance peripheral nerve injury.     

基于机器学习和心率变异性的经皮耳迷走神经电刺激疼痛阈值预测

经皮耳迷走神经电刺激（taVNS）作为新兴的精神和心血管疾病的治疗方法,其刺激强度设置需要将刺激电流调整至疼痛阈值后再降低其幅值。该设置方式不仅缺乏一致性,且影响治疗效果和舒适度。本文提出了一种结合心率变异性（HRV）特征和机器学习回归模型的新方法,实现了taVNS疼痛阈值的预测。基于实验采集的数据,系统的比较了将HRV特征作为各种机器学习模型输入的预测精度。结果表明,HRV特征与极端随机树的组合性能最优,使用遗传算法去除冗余特征能够有效改善模型预测性能,均方根误差在1.18到1.56之间,均方差在0.77到0.96之间。该方法可用于不同个体的taVNS刺激强度的预测,对受试者在taVNS期间的治疗效果有积极作用。     

基于西门子S7—400PLC的包钢转炉自动化系统设计与实现

该文针对包钢220吨转炉设计并实现了一套完整的自动控制系统。主要介绍了该系统的结构与硬件配置以及对所采用的软件的评估,还就系统中的数据通信、氧枪定位、汽包三冲量调节、系统的监控等问题进行了讨论,并详细分析了有关控制回路的调试和实施。     

功能性电刺激下的关节自适应运动控制研究

针对功能性电刺激（Functional electrical stimulation,FES）下外部干扰和肌肉疲劳对关节运动的影响,提出了一种神经网络自适应滑模控制方法以获得更加精确的关节运动.本文建立了电刺激下的关节运动模型,在此模型的基础上设计了滑模控制律,利用径向基神经网络在线逼近系统不确定特性,并通过Lyapunov方法设计了径向基神经网络的自适应律,以电刺激所产生的膝关节运动控制为例,通过仿真和实验研究验证了该神经网络滑模控制方法相对于传统的滑模控制来说,不仅可以准确地控制电刺激而获得期望的关节运动,而且当关节运动受到外部干扰和肌肉疲劳的影响时,还可自适应地对此进行补偿,有效地调节电刺激强度以获得准确的关节运动.     

The Structural Design,Simulation Analysis and Parameter Optimization of the Cheetah Robot’s Lumbar Vertebrae

The quality of skeleton system for the cheetah robot goes hand in hand with its bionic result of its shape, structure and functions. In view of the skeleton system constitution and structural characteristic of the cheetah, the team applied structure design, stimulation analysis and parameter optimization to developing the cheetah robot. In addition, after the invention of cheetah robot＇s anterior lumbar vertebra based on its functional attribute and connectivity attribute, the Solidworks Simulation was utilized to analyze the design, according to which improvement on the lumbar vertebra was made. Plus, the advantages of the CAD and CAE made the high efficiency of design work and high quality of the cheetah robot possible.     

Modeling of axis-symmetric steam plasma flow in a non-transferred torch

This paper discusses the numerical modeling of steam plasma in a DC non-transferred torch equipped with well-type cathode, where the non-trivial azimuthal velocity component and turbulent effect are both taken into account. In order to investigate the complicated flow characteristics of thermal plasma due to the interaction between steam and electric arc, the flow filed inside the plasma torch is modeled by the magnetic–hydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The governing equations are then solved numerically using a non-staggered finite volume discretization based on Cartesian grid system. The anode location and maximum current density at cathode are fixed by the corresponding experimental measurement at a given flow rate. The predicted result suggests that the steam plasma can be accelerated to a mean velocity of 1500 m/s at torch outlet with the mass flow rate of 5 g/s and the system current of 180 A. A strong vortex flow structure is found inside the torch due to the introduction of azimuthal velocity at the gas inlet, which should help to stabilize the rotating arc during the torch operation.