低温长时间发酵酸乳加工关键技术及品质研究

选用乳酸链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌制作低温长时间发酵酸乳,利用DPS软件设计正交实验优化酸乳生产工艺,并对发酵结束和经4℃、后熟24h后以及4℃、冷藏3d后酸乳的酸度、pH值、纯蛋白、游离氨基酸、脂肪、双乙酰、乙醛、乳酸菌活菌数量等质量指标和风味成分进行分析检测。结果表明,最佳工艺为乳酸链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌二4∶1,接种量3%,添加蔗糖8%,34℃培养10h左右。低温长时间发酵酸乳的酸度为69·35°T,乙醛含量为14·46mg/kg,双乙酰含量为4·72mg/kg,乳酸菌活菌数为7·15×109cfu/mL。经感官评定,酸乳的凝乳组织状态均匀细腻,香气浓郁纯正,酸甜适口,品质优良。     

酸奶菌种冷冻干燥保护剂的筛选研究

本研究采用Plackett-Burman设计法，对蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、可溶性淀粉、明胶、抗坏血酸、谷氨酸钠、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐以及脱脂奶粉等14种材料对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和唾液链球菌嗜热亚种冷冻干燥的保护效果进行评价。结果表明：对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚哑种在冷冻干燥中有显著保护作用的是蔗糖、甘油、山梨醇以及脱脂奶粉；而唾液链球菌嗜热亚种有效的冷冻干燥保护剂为甘油、谷氨酸钠和脱脂奶粉。     

嗜热链球菌胞外多糖的结构生物合成与遗传调控

介绍了嗜热链球菌胞外多糖的组成结构、生物合成、代谢途径和针对途径中关键酶的遗传调控,为胞外多糖研究提供参考.     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体制备及融合

为获得具有抗噬菌体功能且发酵性能优良的乳酸菌融合子,采用单亲灭活及正交分析方法,研究了保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体制备及融合条件。结果表明：保加利亚乳杆菌原生质体制备的最适条件是以磷酸盐缓冲液和甘露醇制作的高渗溶液为原生质体稳定剂,1.0 mg/mL的溶菌酶36 ℃处理30 min,原生质体的形成率为（89.02±2.31）%,再生率为（4.62±0.22）%。嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株原生质体制备的最适条件是以Tris-HCl和蔗糖制作的高渗溶液为原生质体稳定剂,0.1 mg/mL的溶菌酶42 ℃处理30 min,原生质体的形成率为（99.15±0.23）%,再生率为（5.79±0.17）%。单亲灭活保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株原生质体融合的最适条件为聚乙二醇6000（质量浓度为400 g/L,添加0.01 mol/L CaCl2、0.02 mol/L MgCl2）40 ℃促融2 min,融合率可达（1.85±0.12）×10－6。所得融合子各项性能优良,适合于酸奶生产。     

Inhibition of Gallic Acid on the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans

New strategies for biofilm inhibition are becoming highly necessary because of the concerns to synthetic additives. As gallic acid (GA) is a hydrolysated natural product of tannin in Chinese gall, this research studied the effects of GA on the growth and biofilm formation of bacteria (Escherichia coli [Gram‐negative] and Streptococcus mutans [Gram‐positive]) under different conditions, such as nutrient levels, temperatures (25 and 37 °C) and incubation times (24 and 48 h). The minimum antimicrobial concentration of GA against the two pathogenic organisms was determined as 8 mg/mL. GA significantly affected the growth curves of both test strains at 25 and 37 °C. The nutrient level, temperature, and treatment time influenced the inhibition activity of GA on both growth and biofim formation of tested pathogens. The inhibition effect of GA on biofilm could be due to other factors in addition to the antibacterial effect. Overall, GA was most effective against cultures incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and at 25 °C for 48 h in various concentrations of nutrients and in vegetable wash waters, which indicated the potential of GA as emergent sources of biofilm control products.     

不同发酵特性的嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌共发酵的特性

为探究具有不同优良性状的嗜热链球菌株与保加利亚乳杆菌株共发酵的特性,用产酸快的嗜热链球菌StCH-1菌株和产黏好的嗜热链球菌StTA040菌株与保加利亚乳杆菌Lb0925B菌株组合,测定其组合菌株的发酵性能。通过实验发现组合菌株发酵速率均比单菌株发酵速率快,其中含有嗜热链球菌StCH-1的组合菌株发酵速率较快,而含有嗜热链球菌StTA040的组合菌株的胞外多糖产量较高,发酵乳的黏度较高,持水力较强;三组分发酵剂的发酵速率快,发酵乳在贮藏期间黏度高,持水力强,通过感官分析得出三组分发酵剂制得的发酵乳的口感和风味最佳。     

Commercially important characteristics of Turkish origin domestic strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus

Thirty native (Turkish origin) strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and 24 strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus were isolated and identified. These strains were examined for their technologically important properties such as acidification, proteolysis, acetaldehyde production and antimicrobial activity. By taking into consideration their phage resistant properties, two strains of S. thermophilus (St.7.7, and St.26.2) and one of L. bulgaricus, numbered as 2004, were found to have the potential to be starters for yogurt production.     

Reduction of Levels of Volatile Components Associated with the "Beany" Flavor in Soymilk by Lactobacilli and Streptococci

ABSTRACT: Methanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol, and hexanal were the 4 major volatiles detected in unfermented soymilk. Eight of the cultures of lactobacilli or streptococci completely eliminated hexanal in the soymilk during fermentation. However, there were considerable variations in the effects of the cultures on the other 3 compounds. All 8 caused significant reduction in levels of methanol. Streptococcus thermophilus OSU-2 was the only culture that significantly lowered the concentration of ethanol in the soymilk. All except Lactobacillus acidophilus C19 and Lactobacillus casei E5 significantly lowered the level of acetaldehyde. Of the cultures tested, L. acidophilus L1 offered the best potential for producing fermented soymilk with an improved volatile profile.     

Simultaneous detection of mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus agalactiae by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction

The objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis directly from milk. A genetic marker specific for Staph. aureus was used for primers and dual-labeled probe design. The target for Strep. agalactiae primers and dual-labeled probe was selected from the cfb gene encoding the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen factor. The plasminogen activator gene was the target for primers and dual-labeled probe design for Strep. uberis. Quarter milk samples (n = 192) were analyzed by the multiplex real-time PCR assay and conventional microbiological methods. An additional 57 quarter milk samples were analyzed in a separate real-time PCR assay for Strep. agalactiae only. Using an overnight enrichment step, the real-time PCR technique correctly identified 96.4% of all quarter milk samples; 91.7% of Staph. aureus, 98.2% of Strep. agalactiae, and 100% of Strep. uberis. Results of conventional microbiological methods were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex real-time PCR procedure. The sensitivity of the procedure to correctly identify Staph. aureus, Strep. agalactiae, and Strep. uberis directly from milk was 95.5%, and the specificity was 99.6%. Results of this study indicate that the multiplex real-time PCR procedure has the potential to be a valuable diagnostic technique for simultaneous identification of Staph. aureus, Strep. agalactiae, and Strep. uberis directly from quarter milk samples.     

嗜热链球菌grx02对酒精性肝损伤大鼠保护作用的分子机制

研究了嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型的保护作用机制。建立了急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型,观察嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清转氨酶以及炎症细胞因子的改善作用。结果表明,酒精可诱导大鼠血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高,;血清、肝匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)细胞因子水平显著升高;乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著下降,与对照组比较均有显著性差异。结论:grx02可能通过抑制炎性因子,增强抗氧化酶系活性、抑制氧化应激引发的肝损伤,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤发挥保护作用。