Ferroelectric Materials: Probing Local and Global Ferroelectric Phase Stability and Polarization Switching in Ordered Macroporous PZT (Adv. Funct. Mater. 5/2011)

We describe the characterization, ferroelectric phase stability and polarization switching in strain‐free assemblies of PbZr_0.3Ti_0.7O₃ (PZT) nanostructures. The 3‐dimensionally ordered macroporous structures present uniquely large areas and volumes of PZT where the microstructure is spatially modulated and the composition is homogeneous. Variable temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the global structure is crystalline and tetragonal at room temperature and undergoes a reversible tetragonal to cubic phase transition on heating/cooling. The measured phase‐transition temperature is 50–60 °C lower than bulk PZT of the same composition. The local ferroelectric properties were assessed using piezoresponse force spectroscopy that reveal an enhanced piezoresponse from the nanostructured films and demonstrate that the switching polarization can be spatially mapped across these structures. An enhanced piezoresponse is observed in the nanostructured films which we attribute to the formation of strain free films, thus for the first time we are able to assess the effects of crystallite‐size independently of internal stress. Corresponding polarization distributions have been calculated for the bulk and nanostructured materials using a direct variational method and Landau‐Ginzburg‐Devonshire (LGD) theory. By correlating local and global characterization techniques we have for the first time unambiguously demonstrated the formation of tetragonal and ferroelectric PZT in large volume nanostructured architectures. With the wide range of materials available that can be formed into such controlled architectures we conclude that this study opens a pathway for the effective studies of nanoscale ferroelectrics in uniquely large volumes.     

固晶机整机布局与效率研究

LED固晶机是LED产业后封装工序的首道关键设备,介绍固晶机四大机构以及其相互之间的几种布局关系,并从设备运行效率的角度入手,探讨了布局的优缺点.     

几种优化压合结构降低生产成本的方法

以实际生产中常见的压合结构为例,简单介绍了几种优化压合结构降低生产成本的方法,引导PCB制造业思考成本节约问题。     

关于起重机梯子栏杆结构安全使用的几点建议

梯子栏杆结构是起重运输机械必不可少的组成部分，它不仅起着安全保护和通道作用，也会对主体结构的承载性能产生影响，然而在结构设计、制造和使用维护方面往往容易忽视它的作用。基于此，本文提出了起重机梯子栏杆结构在设计、使用过程中应注意的几个问题。     

空调室外机送风系统研究

送风系统是空调室外机的重要组成部分,送风系统的好坏,很大程度上决定了整机的性能和噪音水平。对于室外机,风机是主要噪音源,也是室外机进行换热的驱动源。讨论在设计空调室外机时,对于整个送风系统应该重点关注的地方,如何设计才能保证其低的噪音水平和高的换热性能,并根据实际的工作经验和试验结果对比,给出了优化的方向和方法。另外为了使空调送风系统能更好的工作,对于产品的安装和使用也提出了要求。     

多层集成电路中缺陷地引起的寄生基板模式

针对多层集成电路中由于共地面开窗引起的寄模问题,通过对比“窗口遮挡”形式和多种背孔阵列抑制寄生模传播效果,发现“窗口遮挡”形式在有效抑制寄生模传播的同时会极大地增加电路损耗,存在最简背孔阵列可以达到抑制寄生模传播的效果。在不改变工艺结构的前提下,“双背孔”和“四背孔”形式可以分别满足200 GHz/300 GHz以下介质膜抑制需求,此时背孔所占面积最小,可以有效减小背孔排列密度,增加电路集成度。     

InP/InGaAs异质结双极晶体管研究

阐述了ＩｎＰ／ＩｎＧａＡｓ异质结双极晶体管的最新发展动态,重点讨论了ＨＢＴ的结构与性能以及ＨＢＴＩＣ的高速性能与可靠性问题     

大型三电工程项目管理中的组织体制、机制与保障措施的应用

面对大型复杂、自主集成创新型项目的工程管理,其组织体制、机制与保障措施是确保工程顺利开展的重要支撑条件.本文以梅钢酸轧三电控制系统为案例,介绍了宝信软件基于IT技术、产品和服务综合能力提升的标准化管理方法在工程项目管理过程中的具体实践及其实施效果.     

Complementary Absorbing Star‐Shaped Small Molecules for the Preparation of Ternary Cascade Energy Structures in Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Two anthracene‐based star‐shaped conjugated small molecules, 5′,5″‐(9,10‐bis((4‐hexylphenyl)ethynyl)anthracene‐2,6‐diyl)bis(5‐hexyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene), HBantHBT, and 5′,5″‐(9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene‐2,6‐diyl)bis(5‐hexyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene), BantHBT, are used as electron‐cascade donor materials by incorporating them into organic photovoltaic cells prepared using a poly((5,5‐E‐alpha‐((2‐thienyl)methylene)‐2‐thiopheneacetonitrile)‐alt‐2,6‐[(1,5‐didecyloxy)naphthalene])) (PBTADN):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) blend. The small molecules penetrate the PBTADN:PC₇₁BM blend layer to yield complementary absorption spectra through appropriate energy level alignment and optimal domain sizes for charge carrier transfer. A high short‐circuit current (J_SC) and fill factor (FF) are obtained using solar cells prepared with the ternary blend. The highest photovoltaic performance of the PBTADN: BantHBT :PC₇₁BM blend solar cells is characterized by a J_SC of 11.0 mA cm^?2, an open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.91 V, a FF of 56.4%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.6% under AM1.5G illumination (with a high intensity of 100 mW^?2). The effects of the small molecules on the ternary blend are investigated by comparison with the traditional poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) system.     

慢波组件散热性能研究的发展现状

综合叙述了目前人们为提高螺旋线行波管慢波组件的散热性能而在装配方法、组件材料以及夹持杆的结构这三方面所进行的研究。