Use of fluorescence to probe the surface dynamics during disorder-to-order transition and cluster formation in dihalonaphthalene-water thin films on Al2O3(0001)

Amorphous dihalonaphthalenes that are prepared by vacuum deposition onto a cold Al₂O₃ surface form electronically excited dimers when optically pumped, and their emission is characteristically red-shifted, broad and featureless compared to the monomeric fluorescence. If the surface is heated, the adlayer undergoes a disorder-to-order transition at a temperature characteristic of the molecule. Since pure crystalline dihalonaphthalenes typically fluoresce and do not exhibit excimeric features, the transition was studied by taking advantage of the changes in the spectral characteristics of the adlayer. These included transmittance, and emission from fluorescence and excimer. The combination of these methods allowed a close look at the surface dynamics of molecules on the surface of Al₂O₃ as the adlayer was heated from the deposition temperature to desorption.If a bilayer is formed by depositing water onto the surface with the organic adlayer on top, water, with its lower desorption energy, can be made to percolate into the organic layer. The optical probes indicate that the water clearly associates with the organic molecules while the excess water desorbs. By varying the coverage of either the water or the dihalonaphthalene, the stoichiometric composition of the cluster can be determined and are reported here.     

Surface modification of biodegradable plastics by ion beams

Biodegradable plastics can be used as conventional plastics, while on disposal they decompose to water and carbon dioxide by microorganisms existing in natural environment. Products using biodegradable plastics have recently been developed in many companies pursuing ecology. In this study, surface modification of biodegradable plastics was carried out by inert ion beams for improvement of photo deterioration under an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of biodegradable plastics tended generally to decrease with irradiation of an ultraviolet ray. In this method, the hardness of ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics was kept at an initial value under an ultraviolet ray, because the modified layer by ion bombardment intercepted an ultraviolet ray. The hardness of He⁺ ion-bombarded biodegradable plastics showed larger value than that of Ar⁺ ion bombardment. He⁺ ion bombardment at ion energy of 10 keV produced the suitable property with both of high transmittance of a visible ray and high interception of an ultraviolet ray in a surface layer of biodegradable plastics.     

Alteration of internal stresses in SiO2/Cu/TiN thin films by X-ray and synchrotron radiation due to heat treatment

A break of wiring by stress-migration becomes a problem with an integrated circuit such as LSI. The present study investigates residual stress in SiO₂/Cu/TiN film deposited on glass substrates. A TiN layer, as an undercoat, was first deposited on the substrate by arc ion plating and then Cu and SiO₂ layers were deposited by plasma coating. The crystal structure and the residual stress in the deposited multi-layer film were investigated using in-lab. X-ray equipment and a synchrotron radiation device that emits ultra-high-intensity X-rays. It was found that the SiO₂ film was amorphous and both the Cu and TiN films had a strong {1 1 1} orientation. The Cu and TiN layers in the multi thick (Cu and TiN:1.0 μm)-layer film and multi thin (0.1 μm)-layer film exhibited tensile residual stresses. Both tensile residual stresses in the multi thin-layer film are larger than the multi thick-layer film. After annealing at 400 °C, these tensile residual stresses in both the films increased with increasing the annealing temperature. Surface swelling formations, such as bubbles were observed in the multi thick-layer film. However, in the case of the multi thin-layer films, there was no change in the surface morphology following heat-treatment.     

The surface modification of stainless steel and the correlation between the surface properties and protein adsorption

Protein adsorption on a biomaterial surface is of great importance as it usually induces unfavorable biological cascades, with the result that much surface modification research has had to be performed in an effort to prevent this. In this study, we developed surface modification methods for stainless steel, which is a representative metal for biomedical device. The stainless steels were first smoothened to different extents by electropolishing, in order to obtain a rough or smooth surface. On these two kinds of substrates, we introduced epoxide groups to the metal surface by silanization with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS). Then, various polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(tetrahydrofuran glycol) (PTG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were grafted on the silanized stainless steels. Each surface modification step was confirmed by various analytical methods. Contact angle measurement revealed that the surface hydrophilicity was controllable by polymer grafting. Root-mean-square (RMS) data of atomic force microscopy showed that surface roughness was dramatically changed by electropolishing. Based on these results, the correlation between surface properties and protein adsorption was investigated. In the protein adsorption study, we observed that all of the polymer-grafted stainless steels exhibited lower protein adsorption, when compared with bare stainless steel. Moreover, a hydrophilic and smooth surface was found to be the best of choice for decreasing the protein adsorption.     

非均匀背景下的红外图像曲面拟合分割

红外图像往往存在着背景不一致的特点,因此在分割时无法有效地提取出目标。本文针对这一问题提出了一种基于曲面拟合的图像分割方法,以分割非均匀背景下的红外目标。这种方法首先对背景进行光顺限制的曲面拟合,再通过设置一个偏移量来形成阈值曲面。通过研究发现,曲面拟合时的偏离项和光顺项的权重系数比是由图像背景的双拉普拉斯变换以及噪声均方差共同决定的,从而在估计噪声均方差的基础上实现了对权重系数的自适应选取。从仿真结果可以看出,本文提出的曲面拟合分割法在背景去除和目标提取上要优于传统的Ostu法和局部阈值法。     

按需滴定法制备掺杂型聚合物微透镜阵列

采用MMA单体与其聚合物PMMA及掺杂剂的混合溶液,以按需滴定法制备了掺杂若丹明6G的微透镜阵列。并对其焦距一致性、成像效果、表面粗糙度、透射光谱和荧光光谱等光学性能进行了测试。焦距不均匀度不超过1．8％,测定数值和理论值相差不到1．7％。表面热处理后表面粗糙度肋小于0．9nm,光学透过率从近紫外到近红外都在90％以上,可以用于光纤放大器和生物化学传感器。     

电子回旋共振等离子体用于聚四氟乙烯材料表面改性

在电子回旋共振 (ECR)等离子体装置中 ,使用Ar气 ,N2 气 ,H2 气和普通空气放电 ,对聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)材料进行表面处理以提高其表面粘结性能。详细研究了在不同的放电气压 ,微波功率 ,处理时间 ,气体种类的情况下 ,样品表面的接触角的变化。同时也讨论了样品导电性能和外观等的变化。使用红外吸收谱对样品结构处理前后的变化进行了测量 ,对等离子体处理的机理进行了初步的讨论。使用Langmuir探针测量了Ar气和N2 气等离子体中的离子密度 ,用能量分析器测量了离子的能量。发现在对样品的处理中 ,ECR等离子体的离子密度是影响表面性能的主要因素 ,离子能量的作用不明显     

基于递归分割的曲面造型算法

对常用复杂曲面造型方法的缺点进行了分析,给出了基于递归分割构造任意拓扑结构复杂曲面的有关算法,避免了参数方法在构造复杂曲面时费时而且难于处理的参数曲面求交和曲面拼接等问题,为优质高效建立复杂曲面模型奠定了基础。     

Porous Titania Thin Films Grown by Anodic Oxidation for Hydrogen Sensors

Porous titanium dioxide (Titania) thin films were grown by anodic oxidation using high purity (99.7%) titanium foil in a dilute sulphuric acid (1 M) medium. The anodization process was carried out for 30 minutes with 20 mA/cm² and 50 mA/cm² current densities. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and AFM techniques. It was found that the grown porous titania films were less sensitive to 500 ppm hydrogen in air ambient below 300°C; however, the sensitivity and response behavior of the film at 300°C are very much dependent on the growth conditions. Particularly, the films grown at current density 50 mA/cm² and 1 M acid concentration exhibited the lowest response time of 151 sec at 300°C.     

Coinage Metals in the Nanometer Length Scale

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-stabilized gold organosol in toluene has been prepared by using a two-phase (water-toluene) extraction of AuCl₄^- followed by its reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of the surfactant, CPC. The surfactant-stabilized gold nanoparticles were exploited to examine their optical properties when exposed to various solvent systems by measuring the changes in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum.