Ultra-high temperature oxidation resistance of a novel (Mo,Hf, W,Ti)Si2 ceramic coating with Nb interlayer on Ta substrate

In order to solve the challenge of recyclability of tantalum substrates in high temperature oxidation environments, a novel MoSi₂-WSi₂-HfSi₂-TiSi₂ composite ceramic coating containing an Nb interlayer was prepared on the surface of tantalum substrate by a three-step method. The mix ceramic silicide coating exhibited superior performance and effective protection for 10.2 h at 1800 °C, possibly due to the formation of an outer SiO₂-HfO₂-HfSiO₄ composite oxide film with low oxygen permeability, moderate viscosity and thermal expansion coefficient, as well as good self-healing ability. Furthermore, the coating successfully passed 537 thermal cycles from room temperature to 1800 °C. The presence of Nb interlayer significantly mitigated the thermal mismatch between the ceramic coating and the tantalum substrate, and the bidirectional diffusion of Nb element during the high temperature oxidation and thermal shock process further reduced the tendency of the coating to crack.     

新疆淖毛湖煤中钠在CO2气化过程的迁移行为

针对新疆淖毛湖煤矿煤中Na含量高,在气化过程中可能会导致气化炉内壁腐蚀、沾污等问题,本文通过开展实验室气化实验和Factsage热力学模拟实验,研究了淖毛湖煤中钠在CO₂气化过程时的迁移行为。通过热重实验研究了淖毛湖煤的气化反应特性;利用扫描电镜-能谱（SEM-EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）及电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱（ICP-OES）等手段,对淖毛湖煤在800～1100℃下CO₂气化条件下得到的残渣进行了分析表征,研究了不同温度下得到的残渣形貌以及残渣中Na的赋存形态、含量变化等;同时,结合化学热力学平衡计算方法,研究了CO₂气化过程中淖毛湖煤中Na在气相中的分布情况,分析了气化过程中Na的析出特性。结果表明,在一定的反应时间内,随着气化温度的逐渐升高, 在温度为900~1100℃下淖毛湖煤中Na的析出量逐渐增加。在煤气中钠元素主要以NaCl（g）、NaOH（g）和Na（g）的形态存在,这部分形态的Na随着煤气排出而未富集于残渣中。800℃时残渣中主要成分为CaCO₃,当气化温度高于900℃时,残渣开始熔融,且随温度的升高残渣中共熔物增加。当温度在800～1100℃时,淖毛湖煤中Na主要以硅铝酸盐的形式存在。     

混凝土单轴受拉断裂行为的近场动力学模拟

混凝土的宏观力学行为取决于材料组成及其性质。本文基于键基近场动力学理论建立了多相非均质性的混凝土细观尺度数值模型,研究了单轴拉伸作用下混凝土的宏观力学性能和断裂过程。通过改变粗骨料含量、砂浆强度、粗骨料强度以及界面过渡区强度对模型合理性进行了验证。结果表明:软化段之前的应力-应变曲线能够被很好重现,能准确描述混凝土在单轴拉伸作用下的力学性能和断裂过程;调整数值模型中各相材料的力学参数能够合理模拟出不同类型的混凝土在单轴拉伸作用下的断裂过程。     

不同温度下合成沸石对铝酸钙水泥水化行为的影响

铝酸钙水泥的水化行为与物相组成、粉体粒径、水化温度、外加剂等因素密切相关。已有研究发现沸石结构矿物对铝酸钙水泥的水化行为影响显著,而作用机制有待进一步研究。本文采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、综合热分析以及电导率测试方法,系统研究了不同养护温度(20 ℃、25 ℃、30 ℃和40 ℃)下合成沸石对铝酸钙水泥水化行为的影响及作用机理。结果表明,合成沸石对铝酸钙水泥水化行为的影响与不同养护温度下离子浓度有关。在20 ℃养护时,铝酸钙水泥的溶解程度较低且沸石具有超高的比表面积及离子吸附能力,离子浓度难以达到饱和,延长了诱导期,从而延缓了铝酸钙水泥的水化;在25~40 ℃养护时,沸石的微孔结构和超高比表面积为水化产物提供更多成核位点,进而促进了铝酸钙水泥的水化。此外,合成沸石的引入有效消除了铝酸钙水泥在25 ℃养护时的异常凝结行为。     

The effect of substrate surface integrity on the surface properties of TiCrN coating applied via the CAE-PVD method

This study aims to investigate how the predeposition machining processes such as magnetic grinding, turning machining, and wire electrical discharge machining can influence the surface properties including electrochemical and tribological behavior of TiCrN nanostructured coating applied on Mo40 steel substrate. A physical vapor deposition technique using cathodic arc evaporation was used to apply the coating. The crystallographic phases and the microstructure of the coating were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Rockwell-C, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization, and pin-on-disk wear tests were employed to evaluate the adhesion strength, corrosion behavior, and tribological property of specimens, respectively. The electrochemical results after 24 h of exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution showed that TiCrN coating pretreated with a turning process with polarization resistance of about 3525.32 Ω.cm² had the best corrosion resistance among all specimens. This was because of the improvement of the smoothness, surface quality, and adhesion after the turning process. On the other, the friction coefficient of the grounded sample is less than that of other ones. This is probably due to its higher adhesion strength and higher surface smoothness.     

铝酸钠溶液中钒酸盐的析出行为研究

以氧化铝生产流程中氢氧化铝的洗涤液为原料,研究了苛性碱浓度、反应温度及反应时间对溶液中钒酸盐析出情况的影响。结果表明,钒酸盐的析出率随苛性碱浓度的升高和反应时间的延长而增大,随反应温度的升高而减小。当铝酸钠溶液的苛性碱浓度为200g/L、反应温度为30℃、反应时间为72h时,溶液中的钒元素可减少60%以上。结晶析出的钒酸盐主要为钒酸钠和偏钒酸钠,其晶体结构为八面体。     

采用PHOG融合特征和多类别Adaboost分类器的行为识别

为了解决类能量图易受人体运动时间和位置移动等因素影响而难以有效描述动作细节特征的问题,本文提出了一种基于类能量图金字塔梯度直方图(PHOG)融合特征和多类别Adaboost分类器的人体行为识别方法。该方法首先对经过躯体配准的运动人体目标轮廓图像构造平均运动能量图(AMEI)和增强的运动能量图(EMEI),分别提取其分层梯度方向直方图(PHOG)特征并进行串联融合,作为一种多层次的行为特征描述;然后使用基于查找表的LUT-Real Adaboost算法设计多类别分类器,实现图像中人体行为动作的识别。实验结果显示其在典型的人体动作数据集DHA上的正确识别率达97.6%,高于其它采用单一特征描述和SVM等分类器的方法。表明该方法将整体与局部特征相结合,可以有效描述不同尺度下的动作细节特征,增强了人体行为特征的描述能力,提高了识别性能。     

改性玄武岩纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能

以聚醋酸乙烯酯改性玄武岩纤维、环氧乳液改性玄武岩纤维、硅烷偶联剂(KH550)改性玄武岩纤维、玄武岩矿物纤维为增强纤维,采用热压成型法制备改性玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料,研究不同改性玄武岩纤维对复合材料硬度、冲击强度和摩擦磨损性能的影响。采用SEM和EDS对摩擦表面、磨屑形貌进行显微分析和元素分析。研究结果表明:4种改性玄武岩纤维作为增强纤维制备的树脂基摩擦材料具有相近的力学性能;聚醋酸乙烯酯改性玄武岩纤维增强树脂基摩擦材料具有更好的抗热衰退性能和摩擦磨损性能,在制动过程中更有利于形成完整稳定的摩擦膜。     

Failure analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic modules: degradation mechanism of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells under harsh environmental conditions

High‐temperature‐induced and humidity‐induced degradation behaviors were investigated through the failure analysis of encapsulated Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) modules and non‐encapsulated CIGS cells. After being exposed to high temperature (85 °C) for 1000 h, the efficiency loss of CIGS modules and the resistivities of the aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) layer, CIGS layer, and Mo layer were slightly increased. After damp heat (DH) testing (85 °C/85% RH), the efficiency of some modules decreased significantly accompanied by discoloration, and in these areas, the resistivity of the AZO layers increased markedly. The causes of degradation of CIGS cells after high temperature and DH tests were suggested through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The high‐temperature‐induced degradation behaviors were revealed to be increases in series resistance of the CIGS cells, due to the adsorption of oxygen on the AZO, CIGS, and Mo layers. The degradation behavior after DH (85 °C/85% RH) exposure was caused by the adsorption of oxygen, as well as the generation of Zn(OH)₂ due to water molecules. In particular, the humidity‐induced degradation behavior in discolored CIGS modules was ascribed to the generation of Zn(OH)₂ and carboxylic acids in the AZO layer, due to a chemical reaction between the AZO, ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer, and water. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模拟古代铸铁在典型碱液中的电化学行为

通过动电位极化曲线法,在几种含不同氯离子浓度的典型碱性水溶液中研究了模拟古代灰口铸铁、白口铸铁的电化学行为。结果表明,在不同碱性溶液中同种铸铁试样对氯离子浓度的钝化/活化敏感性不同;不同材质的铸铁试样在相同溶液中对氯离子的敏感性也不相同。并且,对于同种溶质的碱性溶液,铸铁对氯离子的敏感性则随着溶液的pH值增加而降低。这一结果将为铁质文物脱盐除氯的终点判定提供重要的依据。