SDS与THF对水合物法分离CO2+N2混合气的影响

水合物添加剂在一定程度上能够解决纯水体系下水合物分离混合气存在选择性低、水合速率不高和水合物生成条件苛刻等问题,为了系统地研究十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）及四氢呋喃（THF）对水合物分离特性的影响,采用自行设计的水合物分离实验装置,分别进行了浓度为0、100 mg/kg、300 mg/kg、500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg的SDS溶液及摩尔分数为0、0.5%、1.0%、3.0% 的THF溶液体系下,水合物法分离摩尔分数为59%的CO₂和摩尔分数为41%的N₂混合气的实验。实验结果表明：SDS能够提高水合物的生成速率及储气密度,随着SDS浓度的增大,CO₂分离率与N₂损失率都呈现先增大后减小的趋势,分离因子呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在初始压力为5.0 MPa、温度为1.4 ℃的情况下,SDS浓度为0～100 mg/kg时水合物分离效果较佳;THF有效地降低了水合物的相平衡压力,THF本身生成Ⅱ型水合物并占据水合物的大孔穴,CO₂优先于N₂占据水合物的小孔穴,当初始压力为4.8 MPa、温度为1.4 ℃时,THF摩尔分数约为1.0%时能够较好地改善水合物的分离效果。     

低压电网中3次谐波的分析和解决方案

简要论述了谐波产生的原因,并着重分析了谐波电流产生的原因和谐波造成的危害。提出了消除谐波的步骤和解决方法。最后详细介绍了ABB公司的3次谐波滤波器(THF)的功能、特点和应用。     

头孢噻肟酸合成方法研究

研究了以四氢呋喃（THF）为溶剂,以7-氨基头孢烷酸（7-ACA）和苯并噻唑活性酯（MEAM）为原料,三乙胺作催化剂,高产率合成头孢噻肟酸的实验过程。探讨了催化剂用量、反应物用量、反应溶剂选择、结晶pH值等对反应的影响,在最佳条件下,头孢噻肟酸的合成摩尔收率超过98%。     

三元型钾四氢呋喃-GIC的制备及稳定性研究

采用正交试验设计方法优化反应条件制备了纯1阶结构的钾 四氢呋喃 石墨插层化合物(K THF GIC),研究了1阶K THF GIC在空气中放置、溶剂洗涤以及加热处理时的稳定性,并对K、THF嵌入石墨层间以及从石墨层间脱嵌的过程进行了探讨。结果表明:制备K THF GIC时,插层剂浓度和插层反应时间对产物结构的影响很大,较大的插层剂浓度,较长的反应时间有利于石墨反应完全;1阶K THF GIC的稳定性较差,K、THF容易从层间脱嵌,使得阶结构由1阶向高阶变化,高阶K THF GIC的稳定性相对1阶K THF GIC来说要好一些,即形成高阶K THF GIC后,K、THF从层间脱嵌的速率要慢些。     

内压分布对内高压成形Y型三通管壁厚均匀性的影响(英文)

对薄壁Y型三通管的内管压成形进行研究。通过轴向补料,管材可以被推入模腔从而获得更高并且相对减薄率小的支管。但是Y型三通管的导向区较长,在内压作用下管材和模具之间会产生较大的摩擦力,使得材料难以流入支管。提出了采用多段式冲头用来改变导向区的内压分布并且减小导向区的摩擦力的方法。对铝合金Y型三通管进行内高压成形实验,采取两种方案,分别使用传统冲头和多段式冲头进行对比。对壁厚分布和减薄率分布进行研究,并对使用不同冲头的结果进行对比。     

Research progress on polymer-inorganic thermoelectric nanocomposite materials

A thermoelectric (TE) material is a material where a potential difference is generated as a result of a temperature difference or the corollary of this where a temperature difference is generated when a voltage is applied. These phenomena can be used to generate electricity and/or control temperature. Traditionally, thermoelectric materials are inorganic semiconductors which have been limited in their application by low efficiency and high cost. Since the 1990s, both theoretical and experimental studies have shown that low-dimensional TE materials, such as superlattices and nanowires, can enhance the value of the TE figure of merit (ZT) which is an indicator of TE thermodynamic efficiency. To date it has not been feasible to apply these materials in large-scale energy-conversion processes because of limitations in both their heat transfer efficiency and cost. When compared to inorganic materials, organic conducting polymers possess some unique features, such as low density, low cost, low thermal conductivity, easy synthesis and versatile processability and their use in preparing polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposites appears to have great potential for producing relatively low cost and high-performance TE materials. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported on polymeric and polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposite materials. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on the conducting polymers and their corresponding TE nanocomposites. Its main focus is the TE nanocomposites based on conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polythiophene (PTH), poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as well as other polymers such as polyacetylene (PA), polypyrrole (PPY), polycarbazoles (PC) and polyphenylenevinylene (PPV). Typically, polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposites are produced by physical mixing, solution mixing and in situ polymerization. The key factors that limit the use of these polymers and their polymer-inorganic TE nanocomposites as TE materials are their low ZT values. More recent developments designed to overcome the limitation including, for example, the use of carbon nanotubes and graphenes and the use of computational modelling to accelerate the selection of suitable pairs of conductive polymer and inorganic TE materials to achieve best possible nanocomposites are reviewed.     

Effect of Water on Adsorption Behavior at Polymer/γ-Fe2O3 Interface

The adsorption behavior of a hydroxylated polymer onto γ-Fe₂O₃ particles in a tetrahydrofuran/water solvent system was investigated. The saturation adsorption of the polymer decreased with an increase in the water content of the solvent system, and the degree of dispersion of the magnetic particles in the paint also decreased. It was shown that the water located not at the interface between the particles and the solution but in the solution. Water interacted with the polymer and increased the radius of gyration of the polymer in solution. Thus, the polymer did not interact with the particles, and the particles were prevented from having a high dispersion.     

Experimental study of separation of ammonia synthesis vent gas by hydrate formation

Termodynamic data on methane hydrate formation in the presence of ammonia are very important for upgrading of ammonia synthesis vent gas using hydrate formation. This paper is focused on the formation conditions of methane hydrate in the presence of ammonia and the effects of gas-liquid ratio and temperature on the separation of vent gas by hydrate formation. Equilibrium data for methane hydrate within an ammonia mole concentration range from 1% to 5 % were obtained. The experimental results indicated that ammonia has an inhibitive effect on hydrate formation. The higher the ammonia concentration, the higher is the pressure reguired for methane hydrate formation would be. The primary experimental results showed that when volume ratio of gas to liquid was 80：1 and temperature was 283.15 K, total mole fraction of （H2＋N2） in gas phase could reach 96.9 %.     

Determination of falcarinol in carrot (Daucus carota L.) genotypes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

A new analytical method for the determination of falcarinol [(Z)-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyn-3-ol] in carrot root samples has been developed and validated. The method consists of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) of lyophilised carrot root samples with ethyl acetate and LC–MS analysis of the extracts. Falcarinol was determined by extracting the main ion species generated in the ESI positive mode, m/z 268 [M+H–H₂O+MeCN]⁺, from the full MS chromatogram. Quantitation was performed using a falcarinol calibration curve (correlation coefficient 0.9975) as an external standard and pelargonic acid vanillylamide as an internal standard. The method showed good precision with interday and intraday variation of less than 4% and high recovery (average recovery rate 97.9%). LOD (S/N = 3) and LOQ (S/N = 10) were 2.5 and 7 ng, respectively. Using this method, 27 different carrot genotypes grown and harvested under the same conditions were analyzed, and falcarinol contents ranging from 0.70 to 4.06 mg/100 g fresh weight were determined.     

Electrolyte infiltration in phosphazene-based dye-sensitized solar cells

We report here a study of phosphazene polymer and oligomer electrolyte infiltration into high surface area titanium dioxide electrodes and its effect on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. The effects of different cell assembly procedures on the electrochemical properties are examined, as well as the infiltration of electrolytes based on poly[bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP), hexakis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (MEE trimer), and a linear short chain analogue into conventional titanium dioxide electrode mesoporous (nanosphere) films, microcolumns and nanowires. The effects of temperature, co-solvents, and the order of addition of the electroactive components are found to affect both the conductivity of the electrolytes and the electrochemical performance of the cells. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging is employed to examine the degree of electrolyte infiltration into the nanostructured electrodes as a function of filling conditions. Using these techniques, conditions are identified for achieving a high degree of pore filling by the three electrolyte systems. Increased power conversion efficiency is obtained when iodine is introduced after the heating and evacuation procedures required for maximum infiltration.