分布式太阳能集中供暖系统用户与集中蓄热装置容量匹配优化设计

以蓄热系统各部分蓄热容积为决策变量,蓄热系统全寿命周期费用总现值为优化目标建立蓄热系统优化模型,并通过Hooke-Jeeves优化算法进行求解。以西宁市某小区为案例进行蓄热系统优化,结果表明：用户总蓄热容量与集中蓄热容量的最优配比为3∶2。分布式各蓄热水箱最优容积相比传统太阳能系统蓄热容积计算结果减少40%以上。随着蓄热水箱容积的增大,系统辅助热源供热量先降低后升高,太阳能产热量先升高后趋于定值,系统初投资呈增加趋势,运行投资与蓄热系统寿命周期费用总现值均呈先降低后升高的趋势。最后以寿命周期费用节约百分比为评价指标分析影响因素的影响程度,敏感性大小依次为锅炉供热单价>折现率>寿命周期。     

Simulation and optimization of a LiBr solar absorption cooling system with evacuated tube collectors

Solar radiation is a clean form of energy, which is required for almost all natural processes on earth. Solar-powered air-conditioning has many advantages when compared to a conventional electrical system. This paper presents a solar cooling system that has been designed for Malaysia and similar tropical regions using evacuated tube solar collectors and LiBr absorption unit. The modeling and simulation of the absorption solar cooling system is carried out with TRNSYS program. The typical meteorological year file containing the weather parameters for Malaysia is used to simulate the system. The results presented show that the system is in phase with the weather, i.e. the cooling demand is large during periods that the solar radiation is high. In order to achieve continuous operation and increase the reliability of the system, a 0.8 m³ hot water storage tank is essential. The optimum system for Malaysia's climate for a 3.5 kW (1 refrigeration ton) system consists of 35 m² evacuated tubes solar collector sloped at 20°.     

Long-term validated simulation of a building integrated photovoltaic system

Electrical and thermal simulations of a building integrated photovoltaic system were undertaken with a transient system simulation program using real field input weather data. Predicted results were compared with actual measured data. A site dependent global-diffuse correlation is proposed. The best-tilted surface radiation model for estimating insolation on the inclined surface was selected by statistical tests. To predict the module temperature, a linear correlation equation is developed which relates the temperature difference between module and ambient to insolation. Different combinations of tilted surface radiation model, global-diffuse correlation model and predicted module temperature were used to carry out the simulation and corresponding simulated results compared with the measured data to determine the best combination which gave the least error. Results show that modification of global-diffuse correlation and module temperature prediction improved the overall accuracy of the simulation model. The monthly error between measured and predicted PV output was lied below 16%. Over the period of simulation, the monthly average error between measured and predicted PV output was estimated to be 6.79% whereas, the monthly average error between measured and predicted inverter output was 4.74%.     

基于TRNSYS的CPC集热器太阳能热水系统的模拟分析

通过TRNSYS软件搭建了复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)集热器太阳能热水系统模型,对广州地区某小型别墅的太阳能热水系统进行了设计,并观察系统在1年(8760 h)中的运行情况。选取了系统在4个典型日的运行情况进行分析,得到了CPC集热器在春分日和冬至日的最高出口温度分别为67.5℃和68.2℃,在夏至日和秋分日的最高出口温度分别为85.7℃和83.3℃。CPC集热器的集热效率随进口流量的增大而增大,随进口温度的下降而升高;经测试,CPC集热器的最佳安装倾角为22°。对CPC集热器和平板集热器的集热性能进行比较后发现,二者的集热功率基本均随太阳辐照度的增加而增加,在冬至日12:00~15:00这个时段,CPC集热器的集热功率是平板集热器的1.5倍。     

Optimizing the design of a solar cooling system using central composite design techniques

This paper presents the development of a method to optimize a solar-assisted cooling system with limited budget constraints. Regression analysis is used to identify the relationship between the solar fraction and the system factors according to the data provided by experiments. In order to obtain an accurate model to estimate the problem using small number of experimental trials, the method of central composite design (CCD) from design of experiment (DE) is used as a key technique. The experimental trials are conducted in the transient energy system simulation (TRNSYS) tool. Finally, the optimization problem is formulated and solved by including the model as the objective function, the physical constraints of the system factors, and the budget limit. A case study was conducted to apply this optimization method to the design of a solar-assisted double-effect absorption cooling system installed in a small-sized office building in West Lafayette, IN, USA. The results show the developed optimal model strongly agrees with the physical system model in TRNSYS. This optimization method can be generally applied to different types of solar cooling systems, and other renewable energy systems.     

用于控制器开发的建筑空调混合仿真系统

对于暖通的仿真软件TRNSYS而言,其平台的控制模块具有开发难度大、调试不方便的特点,如果结合MATLAB工具箱和LABVIEW虚拟仪器开发环境建立控制仿真系统,则可以大大加快控制策略的开发和调试。本文在建立了基于TRNSYS的建筑和空调系统仿真模块和基于LABVIEW和MATLAB的控制系统仿真模块的基础上,建立了混...     

基于太阳能余热利用下的吸收式制冷系统的可行性研究

对南京某商用建筑真空热管太阳能热水系统进行相关参数测试,在平均辐照强度约为614.2 W/m²的照射条件下,集热器平均集热效率可达45%,8 m³蓄热水箱经过4 h的加热后,共吸收653 MJ的热量,水箱温度从63.8 ℃升高至80 ℃以上,达到了单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的驱动热源温度. 实验表明,该系统采用吸收式制冷来利用太阳能余热的技术方案具有可行性. 在此基础上,利用TRNSYS软件搭建溴化锂吸收式制冷系统模型,预测分析了吸收式制冷系统在实验当日辐照条件下的运行性能,结果表明该吸收式制冷系统在无辅助热源的条件下,可稳定运行5 h,系统性能系数COP的平均值为0.66,平均制冷量为9.41 kW,对其他地区将太阳能余热用于吸收式制冷的可行性研究具有一定的参考价值.     

Simulation of an enhanced flat-plate solar liquid collector with wire-coil insert devices

Solar liquid collectors are potential candidates for enhanced heat transfer, but there are just a few studies focused on this topic. However, enhancement techniques can be applied to thermal solar collectors to produce more compact and efficient designs. This work presents the study of heat transfer enhancement in a tube-on-sheet solar panel with wire-coil inserts, using TRNSYS as the simulating tool. The numerical simulation methodology predicts the thermohydraulic flow behaviour of enhanced and standard tube-on-sheet solar collectors, evaluating the local losses, friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers as functions of the operating parameters. The standard and the enhanced collectors have been simulated under the same ambient, radiant and operating conditions. The standardized efficiency curves according to the standard UNE-EN 12975-2 are provided. The enhanced collector increases the thermal efficiency values by 4.5%. A parametric study was performed to relate the fluid and flow characteristics with the heat transfer enhancement by wire-coil inserts. The simulations were performed for different working fluids (water and propylene glycol/water mixtures) in a mass flow rate range from 15 to 120 l/h m².     

Feasibility study of an ice slurry-cooling coil for HVAC and R systems in a tropical building

The study applies the software Transient Systems Simulation Program (TRNSYS) to estimate the air conditions as well as the energy consumption of a typical library located in a tropical climate country. The simulation uses Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) weather data for Kuala Lumpur as the research site, which is the Dentistry library in University of Malaya is located in Kuala Lumpur. The current HVAC and R systems of the library are found to be inherently energy-inefficient and potentially improvable with an ice slurry-cooling coil. The impact on energy consumption and space thermal comfort of a custom-built AHU with an ice slurry-cooling coil incorporated in the HVAC and R systems is simulated in comparison to the baseline system.     

Design and analysis of solar thermoelectric power generation system

This article reports on the design and performance analysis of a solar thermoelectric power generation plant (STEPG). The system considers both truncated compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) with a flat receiver and conventional flat-plate collectors, thermoelectric (TE) cooling and power generator modules and appropriate connecting pipes and control devices. The design tool uses TRNSYS IIsibat-15 program with a new component we developed for the TE modules. The main input data of the system are the specifications of TE module, the maximum hot side temperature of TE modules, and the desired power output. Examples of the design using truncated CPC and flat-plate collectors are reported and discussed for various slope angle and half-acceptance angle of CPC. To minimize system cost, seasonal adjustment of the slope angle between 0° and 30° was considered, which could give relatively high power output under Bangkok ambient condition. Two small-scale STEPGs were built. One of them uses electrical heater, whereas the other used a CPC with locally made aluminum foil reflector. Measured data showed reasonable agreement with the model outputs. TE cooling modules were found to be more appropriate. Therefore, the TRNSYS software and the developed TE component offer an extremely powerful tool for the design and performance analysis of STEPG plant.