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油管柱作为油气生产中的重要工具，它的使用寿命一直是工程技术人员关注的焦点。文章从动力学中固液耦合振动的角度出发，研究了油管柱内流体不稳定流动引起的油管柱振动问题。考虑液动压力对油管柱纵向振动的影响，建立了油管柱纵向振动微分方程，并给出了这种情况下油管柱纵向振动的频率方程。通过大天池构造上一口高压气井的实例计算分析，指出井内流体不稳定流动时，油管柱会产生相当高的附加动载。这个动载是造成油管柱在生产过程中发生疲劳破坏的主要原因之一，在今后的油管柱设计中应考虑这一动载的影响     

转向柱管承载能力的试验研究

在分析转向柱管花键部位应力集中情况的基础上,通过对某厂生产的转向柱管扭转破坏的试验研究,得到如下结论:①转向柱管的承载能力与其外花键齿与方向盘中心内花键齿之间的非接触区长度有关,以花键端部过渡圆弧的直径大小为宜;②安装方向盘总成时所施加在安装螺母上的拧紧力矩在70N.m左右时,转向柱管的承载能力最大。     

Improvement of oxygen mass transfer estimation from oxygen concentration measurements in bubble column reactors

An original procedure has been established for estimating the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient using the oxygen concentration curves resulting from the usual gassing-in and gassing-out method. This procedure was applied to experimental data obtained in a small scale bubble column using both tap water and a coalescence-inhibiting liquid mixture that represents the coalescence behavior of biological media. It is based on the analysis of the characteristics times of the system, including those of the hydrodynamics of the two phases, the sensor dynamics and the system inertia when the gas composition is modified. A numerical procedure was developed to estimate the characteristic time of the system inertia t_i, using the assumption that this inertia is nearly independent of superficial gas velocity U_G. The calculations confirmed that the optimized t_i value was nearly independent of U_G and of the coalescence behavior of the liquid phase. Additionally, the resulting K_La_L values for tap water were closer to the correlation of Shah et al. [1982. Design parameters estimations for bubble column reactors. A.I.Ch.E. Journal 28, 353-379] than those of other conventional models. Finally, the original procedure was also reported to reduce significantly the square sum deviation between the predicted and the measured oxygen response curves.     

基于变轴力和定轴力试验对比的钢筋混凝土柱恢复力滞回特性研究

在讨论了框架柱在地震作用下轴力变化规律的基础上,通过由变轴力柱和定轴力柱的低周交变加载试验获得的恢复力滞回曲线对比,给出了用各个“轴力变化半周”的“等效滞回轴力”修正恢复力骨架曲线,和用“等效累积滞回轴力”随时间步长调整累积强度退化系数从而修正恢复力滞回曲线的再加载刚度的建议。该建议能更有效、更方便地反映轴力变化的整个历程对变轴力柱恢复特征的影响,有利于提高钢筋混凝土杆系结构非弹性地震反应分析的有效性。     

水平井筒变质量分散泡状流压降的理论与实验研究

由于水平井筒和常规水平管道中气液两相流动的相似和差别，可以预知常规水平管流的压降计算方法对于井筒流动来说就需要进行修正或扩展。本文对气、液两相分别应用质量守恒方程和动量守恒方程，考虑管壁存在人流或出流对于分层流流型压降的影响，得到水平井筒气液两相变质量流动分散泡状流流型的压降计算方法。同时，设计并建立了水平井筒流体流动模拟实验装置，在轴向为气液两相流动的前提下分别进行了上管壁单孔眼注入和下管壁单孔眼注入的压降实验研究，获得了大量的实验数据。实验数据和理论计算结果吻合很好，这表明该计算方法具有实际应用价值。     

精馏塔静态仿真：Ⅰ.静动态混合数学模型的应用

本文为了克服精馏塔静态仿真不易收敛和初值难以给定等难题，巧妙地利用隐含数值积分方法的特点，将稳态与动态数学模型耦合起来，用以求解高难度的非理想精馏塔静态仿真问题。所得静动态混俣模型大大提高了精馏塔静态仿真的鲁棒性，对于高度非理想精馏塔的仿真尤为有效。通过对某丙烯腈萃取精馏塔的静态仿真，充分证明了这种混合模型化方法的可行性。     

The Lazy Cook Problem, or Scheduling Two Parallel Machines to Optimize Vehicle Utilization

A cook has to prepare n cakes using an oven with two racks. According to the recipe, the i-th cake has to be baked for exactly a _i minutes. Cakes to be cooked are taken from a table and carried to the oven, and once cooked are carried back to the table by means of a trolley that can carry two cakes at a time. What is the minimum number q ^* of round trips required of the cook? This problem has application to the operation scheduling of transportation systems and to material cutting. A different problem arises according to whether the cook accepts or not to stay near the oven for awhile with the trolley. If the trolley cannot be idle at the oven, an optimum schedule with no oven idle-time always exists: consequently, the trolley schedule is trivial, and the problem is transformed into a set packing. For this case, we propose and test a heuristic method which generates all of the promising columns of the set packing, and solves the resulting problem by branch-and-bound. Instead, if the trolley can be idle at the oven for a limited amount of time, a problem arises to find an optimal schedule of the trolley: in this case we show how to use a scaling technique in order to obtain a very good feasible solution by the method above.     

活性炭单柱提取肌苷新技术研究

活性炭单柱提取肌苷新技术研究李永泉，张进，姚恕，郑莲英，俞峰（杭州大学生物系杭州３１００２８）（浙江大学化工系杭州３１００２７）关键词：肌苷，提取技术，活性炭单柱１前言目前，国内肌苷发酵后处理工艺落后，在分离提取工序中肌苷损失严重，收率一般只有５０％...     

灭蚊窗涂剂的毛细管柱气相色谱分析

介绍了用AT-101毛细管柱，以邻苯二甲酸二正戊酯为内标，对灭蚊窗涂剂中3种有效成分残杀威、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯同柱同条件下定量分析的方法。该方法的分析时间短，准确度、精密度高，重现性好。     

Prediction of foam growth and its nucleation in free and limited expansion

The influence volume approach (IVA) is often utilized for modeling the mass transfer process dictating bubble growth dynamics in physical foaming. However, the assumed concentration profile in the IVA method is only valid when the changes in dissolved gas concentration are small (less than 5%). In addition, the validity of the IVA method is difficult to justify in chemical foaming applications because of the difficulties involved in defining the dissolved gas concentration profile.In the present work, we define two distinct stages of bubble growth for physical foaming. These two stages are termed as free and limited expansion and are controlled by the bubble nucleation rate. Bubble nucleation is assumed to occur only in the free expansion stage. In this stage, the bubble pressure drops substantially from an initially high pressure in the supersaturated state while the dissolved gas concentration changes very little. The second stage of our two-stage mass transfer model is termed the limited expansion stage and accounts for bubble growth in the late stages of foam evolution, when the pressure changes become small. However, in the limited stage of bubble growth the dissolved gas concentration drops significantly, as the available dissolved gas is depleted. To summarize our two-stage mass transfer model of foam expansion, the pressure difference between the bubble phase and the liquid phase is the primary mechanism for driving mass transfer in the early (free) stages of foam growth and the concentration difference is the driver for bubble growth in the late (limited) stages of growth. The first stage can be regarded as the nucleation stage and it is relatively short; while the second stage can be regarded as the bubble growth stage and is much longer. Most of the bubble volume expansion takes place in the second stage.The concentration gradient at the bubble edge, which is often ignored in other models, is analyzed in detail in this paper. The details of our novel mass transfer model are also presented.