复合金属氧化物脱硫剂还原法再生机理

利用热天平测试了ＣＯ、Ｈ２还原饱和脱硫剂微孔内Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３的起始反应温度及还原速率，用Ｘ射线衍射法分析了反应中间产物及最终产物．实验结果表明，脱硫剂还原法再生的反应温度较传统热分解法低约２００℃，ＣＯ作再生脱硫剂的还原气体优于Ｈ２，ＣＯ还原脱硫剂内Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３的反应级数为０．８７，活化能为１４２．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

基体韧性对PS改性PVC体系性能的影响

研究了PS对未增韧PVC体系及用CPE预增韧PVC体系韧性的影响,发现在用CPE预增韧PVC基体后,PS的增韧效果更为显著,但增韧机理井无改变,仍可用"空穴增韧"的机理来解释。     

煤层气压裂液伤害对比实验研究

我国煤层气储层条件较差,具有低渗、低孔、非均质性强的特点,均存在的问题就是一般开采方式效果不好。压裂是煤层岩增产的主要技术之一,而压裂的关键在于压裂液体系的选择,压裂液对储层的伤害将会导致达不到理想的产量。通过室内实验研究,进行煤层气压裂伤害评价实验,对压裂液体系的进行优选,选择浓度低,低摩阻的清洁压裂液,提高煤层气单井产量,改善井底渗流条件,提高煤层气渗透率以及储层渗透能力。解决宁武地区煤层气井压裂改造成功率低的问题,取得了巨大的突破,增产效果明显。     

丙烯酸酯类聚合物降凝剂研究进展

目前我国开采的石油及其相应的油品中蜡含量高,蜡在低温条件下会结晶析出,严重影响了石油及其油品的良好使用。在众多的降凝剂中,丙烯酸酯类聚合物降凝剂以其优异的性能引起了研究人员的注意。本文对降凝剂作用机理进行了介绍。此外,着重按照丙烯酸酯类聚合物降凝剂的聚合状况进行了综述,主要介绍了丙烯酸酯的不同均聚物、二元共聚物以及三元共聚物、乃至其和不同物质混合时的降凝效果。     

Kinetics of Pressure Cycling Extraction of Solute from Leaves of Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Dispersed in Water

A set of seven extraction experiments was performed to investigate the influence of pressure cycles on the kinetics of solute removal from leaves of mate dispersed in water. The mass ratio of liquid to dry solid (40), the temperature (32°C), and time of extraction (3600?s) were not varied. Five extraction runs were under cyclic pressurization (1?cycle?=?300?s at 91.4?kPa?+?300?s at 182.8?kPa) and stirring speeds (S) of 0, 150, 500, 1500, and 2000?rpm, while the two other ones were at constant pressure (182.8?kPa) and S close to 1500 and 2000?rpm. Based on seven pairs of parameters of a reliable second-order kinetic model (R²?≥?0.967), cyclic pressurization had no effect on equilibrium and kinetics of extraction (p?>?0.05) when the role of convection on solute transfer was negligible (S?≥?500?rpm). In the stirring speed range from 500 to 2000?rpm, the operation was controlled by diffusion (Bi >?1.7?×?10³), so a transient two-dimensional diffusion model was able to describe correctly the changes of solute concentration with time. Below 500?rpm, solute transfer was governed by a combination of diffusion and convection with the external resistance to mass transfer as a function of S (16?≤?Bi?≤?28).     

聚乳酸增韧改性研究

通过熔融共混法制备了通用注塑级聚乳酸(PLA)材料,研究了刚性粒子种类,增韧剂种类和协同增韧等对PLA力学性能的影响,同时通过控制扩链剂的添加量有效地对注塑级PLA的熔体流动速率(MFR)进行控制。结果表明:协同增韧剂对PLA有较好的增韧效果,冲击强度从3.5 kJ/m2提高到15 kJ/m2,是单一增韧剂的2.5倍。通过引入扩链剂,得到一系列不同MFR的注塑级PLA材料,满足不同的工业化产品需求。     

Kinetic Modeling of Large‐Scale Reaction Systems

This review gives a brief account of basic ideas underlying approaches to analysis and modeling of large‐scale reaction systems. The emphasis is on model simplification and mechanism/dimension reduction via heuristic concepts and formal mathematical techniques. Among the key topics discussed are: top‐down and bottom‐up modeling approaches, graph/matrix representation of chemical reactions, mechanistic vs. pathways models, quantitative structure‐reactivity relationships, mathematical reduction of dimensionality, high‐fidelity surrogate models, continuum approximation, lumping of nonlinear kinetics, overall behavior/kinetics of many reactions, effect of pore diffusion, steady state multiplicity and stability. Some common features of dimension reduction methodologies are noted. Areas where further work will be valuable are identified.     

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE ONTO SULFURIC ACID–TREATED ORANGE PEEL

The present study explains the preparation and application of sulfuric acid–treated orange peel (STOP) as a new low-cost adsorbent in the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from its aqueous solution. The effects of temperature on the operating parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial MB dye concentration, and contact time were investigated for the removal of MB dye using STOP. The maximum adsorption of MB dye onto STOP took place in the following experimental conditions: pH of 8.0, adsorbent dose of 0.4 g, contact time of 45 min, and temperature of 30°C. The adsorption equilibrium data were tested by applying both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It is observed that the Freundlich isotherm model fitted better than the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating multilayer adsorption, at all studied temperatures. The adsorption kinetic results showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable to explain the adsorption of MB dye onto STOP. The adsorption mechanism results showed that the adsorption process was controlled by both the internal and external diffusion of MB dye molecules. The values of free energy change (ΔG ^o) and enthalpy change (ΔH ^o) indicated the spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of STOP was also compared with other low-cost adsorbents, and it was found that STOP was a better adsorbent for MB dye removal.     

Study on Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene and Its Blends Modified by β Crystalline Form Nucleating Agent

The influence of β crystalline form nucleating agent (β nucleator) on the mechanical properties of homo-polymerized polypropylene (PPH), random-copolymerized polypropylene (PPR), block-copolymerized polypropylene (PPB), and PPH/PPR/PPB blends was studied. Polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) were used to characterize the crystalline morphology and behavior. The results indicated that α crystalline form of polypropylene (PP) had transformed to β crystalline form by adding 0.5% β nucleator; in the meantime, the toughness of PP and its blends was enhanced. That is, 0.5% β nucleator helped to improve the notched impact strength of PPH, PPR, and PPH/PPR/PPB blends by 130%, 40%, and 40%, respectively, without losing the tensile strength and flexural strength.     

Progress in Block Copolymers

Monodisperse proteins and polydisperse carbohydrates and polyenes occur in nature. The proteins are random copolymers, but no block or graft copolymers occur in nature.