首尔地面公交系统改革的成功经验

随着经济、人口的快速发展,首尔开展了一次针对地面公交系统的成功而深刻的变革。其中包括组建以公众参与为基础的公交系统改革公民委员会,形成了“以线路连接为导向的公交系统”,采用新型公交智能卡、票价新制度以及信息一体化的管理系统。     

影响拟薄水铝石烘干系统产能的成因分析及其改进措施

本文针对拟薄水铝石生产线中的关键环节—烘干系统的设备产能问题进行了分析和技术改造,收到了较好的效果,并为同类生产企业及今后改、扩建工作提供了有益的借鉴。     

Step response classification for model-based autotuning via polygonal curve approximation

A model-based autotuning method consists of an identification and a regulator tuning phase. To achieve satisfactory performance and robustness, it is advisable that both phases be tailored a priori to the characteristics of the observed process dynamics. Such characteristics include, but are not limited to, the model structure. For example, overdamped and underdamped models with the same pole-zero structure are parametrised and controlled in different ways. Step response data, that are typically used for the identification phase in the autotuning context, can also be pre-processed to reveal those characteristics. This paper presents a step response classification method suitable for the above purpose. The method is based on a polygonal curve approximation technique for data pre-processing, followed by a neural network classifier. Only normalised I/O data are employed, so that the neural network can be trained off-line with simulated data. Simulation results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed classification method in terms of the achievable tuning results.     

Computational study of transport processes in a single-screw extruder for non-newtonian chemically reactive materials

A numerical study of the transport phenomena arising in a single-screw extruder channel is carried out. A non-Newtonian fluid is considered, using a power law model for the variable viscosity. Chemical reaction kinetics are also included. Finite difference computations are carried out to solve the governing set of partial differential equations for the velocity, temperature and species concentration fields, over a wide range of governing parameters for the case of a tapered screw channel. The numerical treatment for this combined heat and mass transfer problem is outlined. A marching procedure in the down-channel direction is adopted and the validity of the scheme for practical problems discussed. For large viscous dissipation, the material heats up considerably due to the prevailing shear field, affecting the viscosity significantly, and results in large changes in the pressure development at the end of the channel. The rate of reaction controls the mass diffusion rate which in turn affects viscosity and the flow significantly. The dimensionless throughput,q _v , is one of the most important parameters in the numerical solution. The dimensionless pressure variation is very sensitive toq _v , and orders of magnitude changes are possible for small variations inq _v . Schemes for dealing with other important effects such as back flow, heat transfer by conduction in the barrel, and the effect of the die are also outlined. A list of symbols is given at the end of the paper This is publication No. F-10544-4-91 of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station supported by State Funds and the Center for Advanced Food Technology (CAFT). The Center for Advanced Food Technology is a New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology Center. This work was also supported in part by the US Army Research Office.     

Influence of the surface conditions on permeation in the deuterium–MANET system

The condition of the surfaces is of crucial importance for the deuterium permeation through materials. In this work a study of the surface constants for the adsorption (σk₁) and release (σk₂) of deuterium under different surface conditions on the martensitic steel DIN 1.4914 (MANET) has been carried out. The growth of an oxide surface layer (Cr₂O₃) of about 25–30 nm in a MANET sample, heat treated in an oxidizing environment, compared to the bare MANET that have a ‘natural' oxide of about 5 nm has provoked a reduction of both the permeation rate and the recombination coefficient (about 3 orders of magnitude). In addition, the permeation governing process has changed from diffusion-limited to surface-limited. The measurements of the permeation rate of deuterium were performed by a gas-phase permeation technique over the temperature range 574–746 K and for deuterium driving pressures in the range from 3 to 10⁵ Pa.     

S—135钢板热轧工艺研究

S—135钢板是水电站用高强耐磨不锈钢板,既要求强度高、韧性好,又要求耐磨、耐蚀性强,生产难度较大。除我厂外,目前国内尚无其它厂家能够生产这种钢板。该钢板在加热轧制,冷却过程中要解决很多技术难点。我们通过采用特殊的控制轧制和控制冷却工艺,很好地解决了诸多技术难点,使S—135钢板的开发研制取得了成功。为电站用高强度耐磨不锈钢生产提供了宝贵的经验,也为控制轧制及控制冷却技术在中板生产行业的应用起到了积极的推动作用。     

Information technology support in the chemical process design life cycle

Information technology has been becoming increasingly important in all areas of engineering during the last few years. Much of the progress achieved in chemical engineering would not have been possible without the enabling methods and tools provided by information technology. This trend will continue in the future but most likely with a considerably wider scope. While individual software tools and services have been in focus until recently, their integration into engineering work processes is an emerging and challenging area of research and development. This contribution attempts to highlight state of the art and future trends in supporting the activities during the life cycle of a chemical process by means of information technology. Emphasis will be largely on the process and plant design process rather than on procurement, manufacturing, and distribution of materials in the supply chain.     

A Novel Method Of Transport Barrier Formation

A novel technique is proposed for creating transport barriers by the rf waves. This is that the transport barriers can be created by the rf induced ponderomotive force itself and no rf induced flow shear generation is necessary. It is demonstrated that the ponderomotive force of the rf waves can stabilize the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode, considered nowadays as the dominant source of anomalous energy losses in the low confinement (L) mode. It is also shown that this stabilization can be achieved for rather modest values of the rf power and hence should be easily obtained in actual experiments.      

What is a free name in a process algebra?

There are two popular approaches to specifying the semantics of process algebras: labelled transition semantics and reaction semantics. While the notion of free name is rather unproblematic for labelled transition semantics this is not so for reaction semantics in the presence of a structural congruence for unfolding recursive declarations.We show that the standard definition of free name is not preserved under the structural congruence. We then develop a fixed point approach to the set of free names and show that it is invariant under the structural congruence.