Free convection performance of circular cavities having two active curved vertical sides and two inactive curved horizontal sides

A detailed review of the archival reveals that the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of circular cavities have not been investigated so far and of course their physical features are not understood. A prominent application of these cavities arises in the miniaturized packaging of electronic components that are subject to strict constraints. This paper addresses primarily steady-state laminar natural convection of air in a circular cavity of diameter H inscribed in a square cavity of side H where the corresponding sides are in contact at four points. A third cavity, an arc–square cavity whose shape lies between the square and circular cavity shapes is included in the analysis. The finite volume method is used to perform the numerical simulations. The methodology takes into account the second-order-accurate QUICK scheme for the discretization of the convective term, whereas the pressure–velocity coupling is handled with the SIMPLE scheme. Since the air is not assumed a Boussinesq gas, it was decided to take all thermophysical properties as temperature-dependent. In the end, it has been demonstrated that the circular cavity possesses a superior balance between heat transfer enhancement and size in cross-section area in comparison with the standard square cavity. The side of the square cavity is similar to the diameter of the circular cavity.     

An ADC histogram test based on small-amplitude waves

This paper deals with a new method improving the static test for analogue-to-digital converters. The method is based on a histogram procedure using as test signals small-amplitude triangular waves superimposed on suitable constant offset values. The histogram is built over the converter fullscale by varying the offset step by step systematically. A small amplitude and a reduced time slope in comparison to the converter range and slew rate, respectively, lead to static test conditions. This procedure allows inexpensive function generators to be used and the test duration to be dramatically reduced. Experimental results of tests aimed at validating, characterizing, and comparing the proposed method on two different converter architectures are presented.     

On Radiant Network Models of Thermocouple Error in Pre and Post Flashover Compartment Fires

Thermocouples are often used to obtain gas temperature measurements in compartment fires. Such measurements are subject to a thermal lag during fire growth, but the main problem is a steady-state error induced by radiant heat transfer at the thermocouple surface. This error is sensitive to thermal parameters of the flame, compartment structure, thermocouple surface and combustion products; and is also influenced by the size and position of both the flame and thermocouple. The literature contains models of varying sophistication to enable an assessment of steady-state error. A model is now proposed that makes use of the concept of radiosity. Developed from radiant network theory, the model can be applied to both pre-flashover and post-flashover conditions. Experiments have been performed using different sizes of thermocouple and the models compared. The simpler models pre-date the more sophisticated and predict much larger errors than the latest published and current versions.     

北美流行的散热器及供暖设计方案

介绍了美国，加拿大流行的供暖设计方案及其所用的散热器，对比了国内现行的散热器在高层建筑中常用的垂直串联管系统，并提出了供国内思考参考的意见。     

A SINGULAR INTEGRAL EQUATION SOLUTION FOR THE LINEAR ELASTIC CRACK OPENING DISPLACEMENT OF AN ARBITRARILY SHAPED PLANE CRACK: PART II REGULAR INTEGRAL SOLUTIONS

Abstract— The boundary value problem for an arbitrarily shaped plane crack embedded in a 3D linear elastic solid can be reduced to a governing hyper-singular integral equation. A discretizing procedure based on a triangulation of the crack area has been offered in Part I of this work. The main goal of Part I is to introduce the analytical results for the 18 resulting finite-part integrals defined over a triangular mesh area. The finite-part integrals occur in those triangles where the source point coincides with one of the element nodes. Mostly the source point lies outside of the considered triangle. In these cases the occurring area integrals are regular.
The aim of Part II is, therefore, the derivation of the closed form expressions for the relevant 18 regular area integrals. The resulting relations are of algebraic form which can easily be coded in compact form. Their numerical proof by two different methods shows the highest accuracy and, therefore, the correctness of the final solutions. The relevant numerical results are offered in Appendix I.
With the formulae provided in Part I and Part II of the paper the determination of the coefficient matrix, necessary for the calculation of COD values from a linear equation system, is precise and needs only minimum computer time.     

建筑工程深基坑围护结构渗漏封堵技术研究

文章结合上海世茂北外滩酒店工程实例,就工程围护结构中出现的渗漏原因进行分析,根据工程特点和现场的实际情况提出采取双排注浆加固措施,严格控制施工过程的质量。实践证明,采取双排注浆加固措施很好地解决了该工程出现的渗漏问题。     

A mapping tool using anisotropic unstructured meshes to study mixing in periodic flows

The objective of the present work is to describe a new mapping tool using anisotropic unstructured meshes to study mixing within a spatially periodic pipe flow. Instead of tracking the boundaries of elementary cell flow domains as it was done in the original mapping method established by Kruijt et al. (A.I.Ch.E. J. 47 (5) (2001a) 1005; Int. Polym. Process. 16 (2) (2001b) 151) and Galaktionov et al. (Comput. Fluids 30 (3) (2001) 271), the deformation of elementary triangles (only three nodal points) between the inlet and exit pipe cross-sections is followed. It is however necessary to adapt the initial mesh according to criteria which takes into account the spatial stretching and folding of fluid elements. The method developed is applied to the twisted curved pipes (TCP) three-dimensional (3D) flow. We show the evolution of concentration distributions along the TCP mixer for chaotic advection flow regimes. This method allows the emphasis of isolated unmixed regions (KAM islands). The flexibility of the method allows also the possibility of studying multiple stirring protocols, thus contributing to a better comprehension of the physical phenomena involved in chaotic mixing. The method developed is also applicable to 2D temporally periodic flows.     

修正三角模糊事故树算法在化工生产事故预测中的应用

基于传统三角模糊事故树预测模型存在因线性近似导致误差较大的不足,通过截集定理分析了误差的来源,根据表现定理给出了事故树顶上事件三角模糊数隶属度曲线绘制的改进算法。使用MATLAB软件编制程序,分别采用修正的和传统的三角模糊事故预测算法,针对油库静电积累事故进行预测,计算8个原因事件的模糊重要度。计算结果显示,与传统算法相比,修正算法8个基本事件的模糊重要度计算误差平均降低11.91%,表明修正算法极大地优化了传统算法的不足。     

基于Optistruct的电池包箱体上盖优化设计

采用ANSYS Workbench平台对电池包箱体进行静、动态有限元分析,得到箱体结构的薄弱位置,并在上盖表面设置凸包结构进行局部加强。 基于Optistruct软件运用形貌优化技术, 优化上盖的局部刚度,获得了最终凸包结构的几何参数和平面布局,建立了优化后箱体上盖的三维模型。经验证,优化后上盖最大变形量较优化前降低了72%,其一阶固有频率为28.55Hz, 可避免共振情况发生,最大等效应力为101MPa。优化后上盖的刚度、强度得到显著提升,此研究为进一步分析实际电池包箱体结构奠定基础。     

TRD-排桩工法在深基坑围护体系中的应用分析研究

周边环境复杂且需超深止水的深基坑围护结构大多采用地下连续墙围护体系,但由于其需重型机械设备施工且周期较长,对于施工现场场地条件局促、工期紧的工程项目,则无法适用。TRD-排桩工法围护体系可弥补地下连续墙围护体系局限性。本文依托工程实例对TRD-排桩工法围护体系的施工技术、变形控制效果和技术经济性进行研究。