非离子表面活性剂TX114的浊点分相行为

Distribution of TX114 between coacervate and aqueous phases in clouding of various initial TX114 concentrations was studied. Effects of temperature and salinity （Na2SO4） on the distribution of TX114 concentration were also investigated. Differing from the nonionic surfactant C12E10, the distribution of TX114 is sensitive to the temperature, and it is observed that the TX114 concentration in the aqueous phase （Caq） does not depend on the initial TX114 concentration apparently at 45℃, and the Caq decreases with an increase of NazSO4 concentration. Low initial TX114 concentration in unclouded solutions, high Na2SO4 concentration, and temperature are suggested to control the surfactant loss in large-scale cloud point extraction applications.     

Electrochemical fabrication of novel Pt/poly (m-toluidine)/Triton X-100 composite catalyst at the surface of carbon nanotube paste electrode and its application for methanol oxidation

In this work, for the first time an aqueous solution of Triton X-100 (TX-100) non-ionic surfactant is used as an additive for electropolymerization of m-toluidine (MT) onto multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNTPE), which is investigated as a novel matrix for dispersion of platinum particles. Electrochemical response of the poly (m-toluidine) film prepared in the presence of TX-100 (PMT/TX-100) is, at least, 20 times higher than that obtained in the absence of the surfactant. The as-prepared substrate is used as porous matrix for dispersion of platinum particles by potentiodynamic method. As-formed novel support and composite catalyst are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), and electrochemical methods. The SEM images reveal that the deposits are composed of spherical Pt particles. The EDS confirms the presence of Pt on the modified electrode. The electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is studied at the surface of this modified electrode. It has been shown that the PMT/TX-100 at the surface of CNTPE improves the catalytic efficiency of the deposited platinum particles toward MOR. Then, the influence of scan rates of potential and switching potential on the MOR as well as long-term stability of this modified electrode have been investigated by chronoamperometric and cyclic voltammetric methods.     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of terbium(Ⅲ) by fluorescence enhancement system of Tb-TPA-Triton X-100 by La~(3+)

The phenomenon of fluorescence enhancement for the system of terbium(b!) with terephthalic acid (benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (TPA)) in the presence of an excess of La3+ in Triton X-100 aqueous solution has been studied. The fluorescence intensity of Tbb!-TPA system can be greatly increased by La3+. The intermolecular transfer of energy was responsible for the mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement. Triton X-100 plays an important role for the stabilization of the system. The system, having the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 256 nm and 546 nm, respectively, shows a constant fluorescence intensity over the pH range between 4-6. The fluorescence intensity is a linear function of Tb3+concentration in the range of 1.00     

用扫描电镜与X射线能谱测定麦冬中的元素分布

使用扫描电镜与X射线能谱分析技术对川产麦冬的横切面各种组织结构进行了形态学观察,同时获得了被观察区域无机成分的定性和半定量分析结果。结果表明:麦冬横切面中含有Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Cu和Zn等无机成分,而且进一步了解到各种无机成分在麦冬各个不同结构部位的分布情况。     

Interface characterization of InSb MOS structures

The electrical properties of MOS devices are critically dependent on the oxide-semiconductor interface. The preparation of suitable insulating layers of oxide or other material is essential for the performance of such devices and it is particularly difficult in the case of III-V compound semiconductors. We report a method of preparing an insulating layer on InSb by a plasma oxidation process. The oxidation method will be described as well as results of the analysis of the oxide-semiconductor interface by electrical and compositional techniques. Capacitance-voltage characteristics reveal the existence of interface states which are distributed near the conduction and the valence bands with a higher density near the former. Depth profiling of the oxide by Ar⁺ sputtering and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) shows that the oxide is composed of a mixture of indium oxide with the antimony oxide. At the interface a transition region can clearly be observed, whose composition seems to be mostly indium oxide rich in metallic antimony. This information can be derived from the Auger line shapes and positions. We find AES to be an extremely helpful tool for this kind of investigation, in spite of the obvious disadvantages of ion sputtering, especially in the case of indium and antimony. Correlations of the AES data with the electrical analysis results are suggested.     

膜胆固醇氧化酶的萃取及特性研究

胆固醇氧化酶在食品加工、医疗检测、生物抗虫方面的作用日益受到人们的重视，并且显示出巨大的应用潜力。本实验着重研究了膜结合型胆固醇氧化酶的萃取条件及其基本理化特性。10mmol／L磷酸钾缓冲液，pH7．5 0．5％Triton X-100的萃取液对胞膜酶的萃取效果最佳，萃取时间为10min。不含有Triton X—100的极性溶液的萃取效果较差，0．9％NaCl和DH7．5磷酸钾缓冲液相对而言具有稍好的萃取效果。酶活力测定体系中含有1％Triton X-100时显色最深，红色均匀且稳定持久，酶活力最高。酶蛋白中存在有含量相当高的糖组分，糖含量为3．763mg／ml，蛋白含量为1．106mg／ml，二者之比为3．4：1。酶反应的最适pH7．5，酶稳定范围pH5．0～1．0。粗酶的热稳定性较好，40℃以及40℃以下酶活力保持不变。     

新的萃取光度法测定食品中微量铅

研究了Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）－ＫＩ－罗丹明Ｂ－ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００多元配合物萃取光度法测定微量铅的新方法，该配合物λｍａｘ＝５６５ｎｍ；表观摩尔吸光系数ε５６５＝１．０×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ｐｂ２＋在０～３０μｇ／１０ｍｌ一范围内遵守Ｂｅｅｒ定律．本法用于皮蛋等食品中微量铅测定获得令人满意结果．     

活性染料废水光催化降解影响因素研究

在光催化剂TiO2存在条件下,利用光化学方法对模拟活性染料废水进行处理,考察了不同波长、光照强度、染料浓度、染液pH和催化剂投加浓度等因素的影响。实验结果表明：随着染料浓度降低、反应时间延长和光照强度增加,染料降解效果增强,254nm波段紫外光源对染料的降解效果明显好于365nm,蒽醌染料比偶氮染料更难降解。染料的降解机理可能是染料分子的发色基团首先被破坏,形成无色有机中间产物,随后才是中间产物的降解过程,染料从大分子结构逐步变为小份子结构并最终被矿化。     

氧化石墨/壳聚糖磁性复合吸附剂对活性艳红吸附性能研究

采用原位共沉淀法制备了氧化石墨/壳聚糖磁性复合吸附剂,研究了氧化石墨/壳聚糖磁性复合吸附剂对活性艳红的吸附行为,发现壳聚糖与氧化石墨的加入量为重量比在200:1时对活性艳红的吸附量最大.考察了氧化石墨/壳聚糖磁性复合吸附剂在不同pH值、不同时间下对活性艳红的吸附性能.实验结果表明,该吸附剂吸附活性艳红的最佳pH值为2,饱和吸附量为706mg/g,吸附速度快,对活性艳红的吸附在30min内达吸附平衡.吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温线描述,符合二级动力学方程.经10次吸附后,对活性艳红仍保留了初次吸附量的61%,具有一定的重复使用性.     

铁屑内电解法对活性艳红X-3B脱色过程的机理研究

人工配制活性艳红X-3B染料废水,与铁屑混合利用摇床进行脱色过程机理研究。采用测定反应产物苯胺方法及添加EDTA的对照实验对反应过程中的铁屑的内电解还原和铁离子的絮凝作用进行研究。结果表明,铁屑的内电解还原对染料废水的最终降解脱色起到重要作用。染料废水脱色是一个先大量吸附再进行内电解还原,逐步反应的过程。铁离子的絮凝作用能有效促进染料废水色度去除率的提高。