主成分分析法在气调包装果蔬质量评价中的应用

用主成分分析法构造了气调包装后果蔬质量的综合评价模型,并将该方法用于实例作效果检验.结果表明用主成分分析法评价气调包装后果蔬质量的方法可行,结果客观合理.     

水果贮藏保鲜技术的进展

概述了中国水果生产及其贮运保鲜现状,根据中国的特点有选择地介绍国外水果贮藏保鲜新技术,探讨了中国水果贮藏保鲜的发展方向。     

预冷冷库内冰浆式湿冷蒸发器的性能实验研究

对果蔬预冷应用场合,本文提出一种冰浆式湿冷蒸发器,并将其应用于小型模拟冷库。采用娃娃菜为被冷却对象,以库内温度和相对湿度为指标,改变填料类型（金属、塑料、纸质填料）和载冷介质（冰浆、冷水）,在冷库空载条件下进行负载预冷实验。结果表明：金属、纸质填料的换热能力较塑料填料好;与冷水相比,以冰浆为载冷介质,预冷时间缩短了1/6并保持更低的库内温度,库内相对湿度稳定后均能保持在90%以上;预冷后样品失重率较冷水的小0.19%;冰浆式湿冷蒸发器可在冷库中稳定运行,且较冷水为载冷介质的湿冷蒸发器,可更高效地实现预冷过程的低温（3~6 ℃）高湿（>90%RH）环境,适用于果蔬预冷和保鲜。     

果蔬色泽在热加工和非热加工技术中的变化研究进展

色泽是果蔬十分重要的表观属性,与果蔬本身含有的天然色素高度相关,是判断其品质是否发生变化的重要指标之一。热加工以及非热加工技术广泛应用于果蔬产品的加工。传统果蔬加工技术以热力去皮、热烫、碱液去皮、干燥、油炸等热加工技术为主,加工中使用的高温易对果蔬的色泽品质造成不可逆转的影响。近年来,新型热加工和非热加工技术逐渐被探索,酶法去皮、红外线、超声波、脉冲电场、高压处理、低温等离子体等非热加工技术在果蔬加工维持色泽方面起到了积极的作用。然而目前综合两种加工技术对果蔬加工产品色泽影响的讨论和对比研究较少,明确各法的原理、使用条件、工艺参数及优缺点对于加工高质量的果蔬产品具有重要意义。因此该研究概述了各色素的结构特征以及理化特性,归纳和比较了热加工与非热加工技术的关键技术点和对果蔬色泽稳定性的影响,讨论了影响果蔬色泽的关键因素,最后对果蔬在加工过程中的应对的挑战提出了有关建议,以期为热加工与非热加工技术对果蔬的护色应用提供指导。     

壳聚糖对果蔬的抗菌保鲜效果及其应用研究进展

由于采后旺盛的生理代谢, 新鲜水果和蔬菜会出现品质劣变, 采取有效的抗菌保鲜策略是果蔬采后贮藏过程亟待解决的问题。天然大分子壳聚糖作为果蔬的活性包装材料具有来源广泛、安全和可生物降解等优点。本文综述了近年来壳聚糖基涂层/膜用于果蔬保鲜包装的抗菌保鲜效果及其对果蔬品质的影响, 首先介绍了壳聚糖的来源及应用特点以及制备壳聚糖薄膜材料的常用方法, 然后综述了壳聚糖及其与其他生物活性材料复合使用在果蔬保鲜中的应用, 并总结了使用壳聚糖基涂层/膜保鲜对果蔬外观品质、营养品质、挥发性香气物质等方面的影响; 最后, 对壳聚糖在果蔬抑菌保鲜机制方面的研究进行归纳介绍, 以期为其未来发展和应用提供新的思路。     

Content,chemical composition and morphology of epicuticular wax of Fortune mandarin fruits in relation to peel pitting

Changes in the amount, chemical composition and morphology of epicuticular wax in relation to rindstaining and peel pitting of Fortune mandarin fruits from trees grafted on different rootstocks and growing in different locations in the citrus area of Valencia (Spain) were studied. The epicuticular wax amount was higher on fruits from the north quadrant of the tree and was more influenced by the orchard location than by the tree rootstock. The main constituent classes of the epicuticular wax were alkanes > esters > ketones > aldehydes > fatty acids > primary alcohols > triterpenes. In the north quadrant of the tree the alkane and ester content in the wax of fruits from an orchard with fruits not rindstained in recent years was higher and the ketone and fatty acid content was lower than in fruits from an orchard with fruits rindstained in recent years. The epicuticular wax of Fortune mandarin peel had an amorphous structure in which crystalline plates and platelets were inserted. The wax layer was more damaged in fruits from the rindstained orchard. The results obtained suggest (a) that damage to the epicuticular wax structure may be a factor that can influence rindstaining and peel pitting of Fortune mandarin fruits but is not a determining factor, and (b) that wax yield is not related to rindstaining and peel pitting of Fortune mandarin fruits. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

气调贮藏果蔬品质的影响因素分析

从果蔬的营养成分、硬度和呼吸作用等指标对果蔬的品质进行了分析;介绍了当今贮藏效果最佳的气调贮藏技术,它通过调节环境的气体成分使得果蔬的呼吸作用减弱,以降低营养成分的消耗,保持果蔬的营养价值和新鲜品质;研究发现,贮藏条件对果蔬品质的影响很大,保证果蔬品质的良好必须有适宜的贮藏条件,贮藏过程中影响果蔬品质的因素有温湿度、空气流速、气体成分、包装和运输等;最后分析了在不同温度、不同时间的贮藏条件下,几种果蔬品质的变化.     

Preparation and Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Film Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Tropical Fruit Waste Flour

In this study, two different types of tropical fruit waste flour, rambutan waste flour (RWF) and banana waste flour (BWF), were blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) by solution casting method. The structure of the blend film was characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The tensile strength and elongation at break of tropical fruit waste flour-filled polyvinyl alcohol were lower, but the tensile modulus was higher, than that of PVOH film. At a similar blend ratio, the tensile properties of the PVOH/RWF film were higher than the PVOH/BWF film, but the PVOH/BWF film showed higher water uptake than PVOH/RWF film.     

POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS PULSES AND OILSEEDS

ABSTRACT

The weight and water loss of 6 mm thick pineapple slabs (one of a six part of slice) were analyzed during osmotic dehydration in sucrose solution at different temperatures (50, 60 and 70°C), sucrose concentrations (50, 60 and 70°Bx) and pH's (6, 7 and 8), in 3³ experimental design. These results were fitted to a modified Azuara equation to obtain water and sucrose diffusivity results at equilibrium condition. Mean result of water diffusivity was 1.717 × 10^?5 cm²/s and sucrose diffusivity varied from 2.0 to 4.6 × 10^?5 cm²/s. The results of water loss at equilibrium in pineapple slabs varied between 0.6 to 0.67 g/g of initial sample weight. The results of sucrose gain at equilibrium varied between 0.15 and 0.21 g/g of initial sample weight. The results from mathematical modeling were compared to experimental results with r ² = 0.94.     

EFFECT OF EDTA ON COLOR DURING OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF BANANA SLICES

ABSTRACT

Five conditions of the osmo-dehydration process of banana slices, which in our previous study underwent the most adequate color parameters changes were used with the presence of EDTA added to the syrup solutions at five concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% w/w. EDTA presence did not change the tendency of polyphenol activity decrease during osmotic drying as well as has not effect on chroma, hue and total color difference changes. EDTA presence had an effect on L value decrease in the inner and outer part of the slice, and did not depend to osmotic dehydration conditions. It is highly recommended to use EDTA during osmotic dehydration of some fruits that would undergo undesirable darkening.