气相缓蚀剂的研究现状与展望

从缓蚀剂的缓蚀基团和分子结构方面概述了气相缓蚀剂的研究现状，阐述了气相缓蚀剂的有关缓蚀机理。分析了缓蚀效果的影响因素．讨论了气相缓蚀剂的发展方向．     

纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末的烧结致密化行为

研究了机械合金化纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末的真空烧结致密化行为和一般规律.结果表明:烧结温度的提高和烧结时间的延长有利于样品的烧结致密化过程,在1 275～1 300℃致密化速度快,在1 300℃,15 min左右致密化过程已基本完成;VC、Cr3C2等复合晶粒长大抑制剂含量的增加不利于致密化过程;新型晶粒长大抑制剂A可以更有效地阻碍晶粒长大;纳米晶WC-10Co-0.8VC/Cr3C2-0.2A复合粉末压坯在1375℃,30min烧结条件下,所得的密度为14.48 g/cm3,晶粒尺寸约为180 nm.     

新型咪唑啉衍生物油田注水缓蚀剂的研究

使用长链脂肪酸、多胺、甲醛和三氯化磷等为原料合成了咪唑啉有机膦酸类缓蚀剂。在模拟油田注水条件下，采用静态挂片、极化曲线和交流阻抗等测试方法评价了缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能，并对缓蚀剂的成膜机理进行了一些研究与探讨。     

工业缓蚀阻垢剂的应用研究进展

缓蚀阻垢剂是根据具体水质的特点和生产的要求而开发的、兼具缓蚀和阻垢双重功效的复合药剂。文章对缓蚀阻垢剂的分类、作用机理及发展方向作了简单的综述，并对其应用前景作了展望:绿色环保复合型缓蚀阻垢剂的研制开发必将成为该领域发展的主流。     

盐酸介质中脱氢松香基咪唑啉缓蚀剂对Q235钢缓蚀性研究

利用静态失重法测定了脱氢松香基咪唑啉系缓蚀剂在盐酸介质中Ｑ２３５碳钢的缓蚀速度和腐蚀效率。研究Ｑ２３５钢在盐酸介质中的腐蚀动力学特征,求出了腐蚀速度方程及相关动力学参数。结果表明,作为一种吸附型有机缓蚀剂,脱氢松香基咪唑啉在盐酸中对Ｑ２３５钢具有较强的缓蚀能力,且缓蚀效率随温度升高而增大。     

Polar pollutants in municipal wastewater and the water cycle: Occurrence and removal of benzotriazoles

1H-benzo-1,2,3-triazole (BTri) and its methylated analogues (tolyltriazole, TTri) are corrosion inhibitors used in many industrial applications, but also in households in dishwashing agents and in deicing fluids at airports and elsewhere. BTri and one of the TTri-isomers (4-TTri) are typical examples of polar and poorly degradable trace pollutants. Benzotriazole elimination in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Berlin ranged from 20 to 70% for 5-TTRi over 30 to 55% for BTri to insignificant for 4-TTri. WWTP effluent concentrations were in the range of 7-18 μg/L of BTri, 1-5 μg/L of 4-TTri and 0.8-1.2 μg/L of 5-TTri. BTri and 4-TTri proved to be omnipresent in surface waters of the rivers Rhine and Elbe with concentrations increasing from <0.05 μg/L to around 0.5 μg/L of BTri and 0.2-0.5 μg/L of 4-TTri over 600-700 km. Bank filtration is an important process to generate raw water for drinking water production from surface waters. Even after residence times of several months BTri and 4-TTri were determined in concentrations of a few hundred ng/L in bank filtration water. Isotherm data from batch experiments indicate that activated carbon filtration should be suitable to avoid intrusion of TTri into drinking water in partially closed water cycles. For BTri, however, sorption to activated carbon appears to be too weak and ozonation may be mandatory to remove it from raw waters.     

饰面砂浆抗泛碱性能的研究

从胶凝材料的用量度其配比、乳胶粉的种类及其掺量、活性二氧化硅、泛碱抑制剂以及饰面砂浆表面喷涂有机硅憎水剂五个方面着手,对饰面砂浆的抗泛碱性进行了研究,提出了改善饰面砂浆抗泛碱性能的各种方案.     

A proteomic analysis of green and white sturgeon larvae exposed to heat stress and selenium

Temperature and selenium are two environmental parameters that potentially affect reproduction and stock recruitment of sturgeon in the San Francisco Bay/Delta Estuary. To identify proteins whose expression is modified by these environmental stressors, we performed a proteomic analysis on larval green and white sturgeons exposed to 18 or 26 °C and micro-injected with Seleno-L-Methionine to reach 8 µg g⁻¹ selenium body burden, with L-Methionine as a control. Selenium and high temperature induced mortalities and abnormal morphologies in both species, with a higher mortality in green sturgeon. Larval proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and differential abundances were detected following spot quantitation and hierarchical cluster analysis. In green sturgeon, 34 of 551 protein spots detected on gels showed a variation in abundance whereas in white sturgeon only 9 of 580 protein spots were differentially expressed (P < 0.01). Gel replicates were first grouped according to heat treatment. Fifteen of these spots were identified using MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Proteins involved in protein folding, protein synthesis, protein degradation, ATP supply and structural proteins changed in abundance in response to heat and/or selenium. 40S ribosomal protein SA, FK506-binding protein 10, 65 kDa regulatory subunit A of protein phosphatase 2, protein disulfide isomerase, stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1, suppression of tumorigenicity 13 and collagen type II alpha 1, were differentially expressed in high temperature treatment only. Serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 1, creatine kinase, serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 and HSP90 were sensitive to combined temperature and selenium exposure. Valosin-containing protein, a protein involved in aggresome formation and in protein quality control decreased more than 50% in response to selenium treatment. Potential use of such proteins as biomarkers of environmental stressors in larval sturgeons could indicate early warning signals preceding population decline.     

缓蚀剂对316L不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的作用

研究表明316L不锈钢在55℃的1mol/L HCl+1mol/L NaCl溶液中对SCC比较敏感。316L不锈钢在所研究的体系中处于活化溶解状态。对添加缓蚀剂的体系的电化学参数的测试和分析表明,缓蚀剂抑制SCC的能力与缓蚀剂抑制阳极反应有关。     

氯盐侵蚀混凝土结构延寿技术初探Ⅱ——混凝土中6种胺类有机物电迁移与阻锈性能

采用有机元素分析仪、快速氯离子测定法(RCT)、电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)和弱极化法,研究6种胺类有机物在混凝土中的电迁移能力、氯离子的排除情况及通电前后钢筋锈蚀的变化情况.结果表明:相同条件下,不同的胺类阻锈剂在混凝土中的电迁移能力和存留能力不同,且胺类阻锈剂种类对氯离子的排除影响不大;双向电渗技术的除氯效果比电化学的除氯效果弱,但双向电渗后钢筋附近混凝土孔隙液中阻锈剂的含量是氯离子含量(质量摩尔浓度)的2～7倍;双向电渗后混凝土保护层电阻增大,钢筋的锈蚀速度由通电前的电荷传递过程控制转变为氧气在混凝土中的渗透速度控制,钢筋的腐蚀电位显著提高,从而使钢筋的耐蚀性能得以提高.