表面改性四针状纳米ZnO结构与气敏性能研究

将4种质量分数(5%,10%,20%,30%)的Co(CH3COO)24H2O混合到四针状纳米ZnO原料里,采用超声化学浸泡法制备出表面改性四针状纳米ZnO颗粒。通过XRD和TEM分析了表面改性四针状纳米ZnO结构的物相和形貌特征。随着Co(CH3COO)24H2O质量分数增大,Co3O4相明显出现,Co3O4相沉积在ZnO表面上。研究表明:以表面改性四针状纳米ZnO粉末为原料制备的厚膜气敏元件,与纯ZnO气敏元件相比,Co(CH3COO)24H2O质量分数为5%的气敏元件对酒精和甲醇有较高的灵敏度,并讨论了表面改性对气敏性能的影响。     

Photocatalytic Valorization of Plastic Waste over Zinc Oxide Encapsulated in a Metal–Organic Framework

The conversion of waste plastic into high-value-added chemicals is regarded as a promising approach for relieving global plastic pollution and contributing to the circular economy. Herein, a partial calcination strategy is developed to fabricate a zinc oxide/UiO66-NH₂ (ZnO/UiO66-NH₂) heterojunction, in which ZnO is encapsulated in porous UiO66-NH₂ for the photocatalytic valorization of plastic. This strategy preserves the framework structure of UiO66-NH₂, thus enabling the formation of ZnO with ultra-small size distributed inside the skeleton. The synergistic effect of the obtained ZnO/UiO66-NH₂ heterojunction facilitates providing an efficient channel for carrier/mass transfer and guarantees structural stability. As a result, ZnO/UiO66-NH₂ exhibits high activity for converting polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into acetic acid, coupled with H₂ production. This work provides a feasible strategy for rationally designing heterojunction photocatalysts, as well as an insight into understanding the process of photocatalytic valorization of plastic.     

Nano-Engineered Carbon Fibre-Based Piezoelectric Smart Composites for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing

The integration of piezoelectric materials onto carbon fiber (CF) can add energy harvesting and self-power sensing capabilities enabling great potential for “Internet of Things” (IoT) applications in motion tracking, environmental sensing, and personal portable electronics. Herein, a CF-based smart composite is developed by integrating piezoelectric poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/CuSCN-coated ZnO nanorods onto the CF surfaces with no detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the composite, forming composites using two different polymer matrices: highly flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and more rigid epoxy. The PDMS-coated piezoelectric smart composite can serve as an energy harvester and a self-powered sensor for detecting variations in impact acceleration with increasing output voltage from 1.4 to 7.6 V under impact acceleration from 0.1 to 0.4 m s⁻². Using epoxy as the matrix for a CF-reinforced plastic (CFRP) device with sensing and detection functions produces a voltage varying from 0.27 to 3.53 V when impacted at acceleration from 0.1 to 0.4 m s⁻², with a lower output compared to the PDMS-coated device attributed to the greater stiffness of the matrix. Finally, spatially sensitive detection is demonstrated by positioning two piezoelectric structures at different locations, which can identify the location as well as the level of the impacting force from the fabricated device.     

Plasmon enhancement for Vernier coupled single-mode lasing from ZnO/Pt hybrid microcavities

It is essential to develop a single mode operation and improve the performance of lasing in order to ensure practical applicability of microlasers and nanolasers.In this paper,two hexagonal microteeth with varied nanoscaled air-gaps of a ZnO microcomb are used to construct coupled whispering-gallery cavities.This is done to achieve a stable single mode lasing based on Vernier effect without requiring any complicated or sophisticated manipulation to achieve positioning with nanoscale precision.Optical gain and the corresponding ultraviolet lasing performance were improved greatly through coupling with localized surface plasmons of Pt nanoparticles.The ZnO/Pt hybrid microcavities achieved a seven-fold enhancement of intensity of single mode lasing with higher sidemode suppression ratio and lower threshold.The mechanism that led to this enhancement has been described in detail.     

Photoluminescence of transparent glass-ceramics based on ZnO nanocrystals and co-doped with Eu3+, Yb3+ ions

Glasses of the K₂OZnOAl₂O₃SiO₂ system co-doped with Eu₂O₃ and Yb₂O₃ were prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Transparent zincite (ZnO) glass–ceramics were obtained by secondary heat-treatments at 680–860 °C. At 860 °C, traces of Eu oxyapatite appeared in addition to ZnO nanocrystals. The average crystal size obtained from the X-ray diffraction data was found to range between 14 and 35 nm. Absorption spectra of the initial glasses are composed of an absorption edge and absorption bands due to electronic transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. With heat-treatment, the absorption edge pronouncedly shifts to the visible spectral range. The luminescence properties of the glass and glass-ceramics were studied by measuring their excitation and emission spectra at 300, 78, and 4.2 K. Strong red emission of Eu³⁺ ions dominated by the ⁵D₀–⁷F₂ (612 nm) electric dipole transition was detected. Changes in the luminescence properties of the Eu³⁺-related excitation and emission bands were observed after heat-treatments at 680 °C and 860 °C. The ZnO nanocrystals showed both broad luminescence (400–850 nm) and free-exciton emission near 3.3 eV at room temperature. The upconversion luminescence spectrum of the initial glass was obtained under excitation of the 976 nm laser source.     

纵向多孔及实心ZnO微纳米棒的制备、表征及其光催化性能研究

以硝酸锌和六次甲基四胺为原料,水为溶剂,采用低温水热法制备出具有优异光催化性能的六方纤锌矿结构ZnO微纳米棒,并研究了合成过程中磁力搅拌及原料溶液浓度对制备产物形貌及光催化性能的影响,建立了其光催化降解甲基橙的动力学方程。结果表明,搅拌条件下制备的产物为纵向多孔的棒状ZnO,无搅拌条件下制备的产物为实心ZnO纳米棒.优选出的硝酸锌和六次甲基四胺浓度均为0.025mol/L。相比于实心ZnO纳米棒,纵向多孔的棒状ZnO具有更优异的光催化性能,在紫外光照射20min后,对甲基橙的降解率达到100%。通过动力学模型拟合发现,纵向多孔的棒状ZnO具有更大的催化速率常数(0.2942 min~(-1)),是实心ZnO纳米棒催化速率常数(0.1306min~(-1))的2.25倍。     

以玉米衣为模板生物遗态ZnO的制备及Pb2+吸附性能

以玉米衣为模板,利用生物模板法制备了生物遗态多孔ZnO。经过预处理的玉米衣在醋酸锌前驱体溶液中浸渍24h,烘干,800℃煅烧3h得到最终的产物。利用X射线衍射(X-ray)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对其进行表征,并研究了对铅离子的吸附性能。结果表明:通过原位生长技术,结晶度良好的ZnO晶粒自组装形成表面多孔的类卷叶状生物遗态ZnO;生物遗态ZnO对铅离子有良好的吸附性能,吸附量为49.9mg/g,在120min可基本达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线拟合结果较为符合Langmuir模型,且升温有利于吸附的进行。     

不同合成过程对溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO/Ag纳米复合材料光催化性能的影响

以乙酸锌、硝酸银为前驱体,二乙醇胺作为稳定剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法分别采用一步法和两步法制备得到ZnO以及ZnO/Ag纳米复合粉体。所有ZnO/Ag复合物中Ag的含量均为3%(摩尔分数)。对所制备样品的结构和光学性质通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、PL、UV-vis进行了表征,进而以甲基橙为模拟污染物进行了光催化测试。结果表明,不同方法制备得到的ZnO/Ag纳米粉体晶粒均匀,无明显团聚现象,面心立方结构的金属Ag吸附在纤锌矿结构的ZnO表面形成异质结。与纯ZnO相比,掺Ag极大地改善了样品在紫外光下的光催化活性。对不同合成工艺的比较表明,用溶胶-凝胶一步法制备的ZnO/Ag复合物的光催化活性最高,经紫外光照射70min可完全降解甲基橙。