LaO_x(OH)_y supported platinum catalysts for CO oxidation:Deactivation by formation of lanthanum carbonate

Platinum catalyst for CO oxidation has been studied for decades,due to its high activity and good stability.In this work,we prepared three different lantha num oxide or hydroxide supports(LaO_x(OH)_y),and deposited platinum(Pt) with 0.5 at% via an impregnation approach to synthesize Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y catalysts.However,we find that these catalysts perform a poor stability for the CO oxidation reaction.The fresh and used samples were comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques including power X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature-programmed reduction by carbon monoxide(CO-TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),to demonstrate that the oxidized platinum atoms or clusters,without any component of Pt-Pt metallic bond,are highly dispersed on the surface of LaO_x(OH)_y.Furthermore,the as-formed lanthanum carbonate(La₂O₂CO₃) during the exposure to ambient circumstances or in the reaction atmosphere of CO+O₂,severely impair the reactivity of Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y.On the basis of the obtained experimental results,we have drawn a conclusion that the oxidized P_tO_x atoms or PtxOy clusters are the active species for CO oxidation,while the formation of lanthanum carbonate is the origin of deactivation on reactivity.     

中空海胆状结构的碳包覆Fe2O3用作锂离子电池的高性能负极材料

Fe2O3由于成本低廉,储量丰富和理论比容量高(1007 mA hg^-1)等特点,在锂离子电池负极材料的应用中极具发展前景.然而一些问题仍然存在,如:充放电过程中比容量的迅速衰减,不可逆的体积膨胀以及较短的循环寿命等.这些问题严重制约了Fe2O3在锂离子电池中的实际应用.为了突破这些局限,本文以金属-有机骨架(MOF...     

Nitric Oxide Signalling in Descending Vasa Recta after Hypoxia/Re-Oxygenation

Reduced renal medullary oxygen supply is a key factor in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). As the medulla exclusively receives blood through descending vasa recta (DVR), dilating these microvessels after AKI may help in renoprotection by restoring renal medullary blood flow. We stimulated the NO-sGC-cGMP signalling pathway in DVR at three different levels before and after hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R). Rat DVR were isolated and perfused under isobaric conditions. The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil (10⁻⁶ mol/L) impaired cGMP degradation and dilated DVR pre-constricted with angiotensin II (Ang II, 10⁻⁶ mol/L). Dilations by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60-2770 as well as the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10⁻³ mol/L) were equally effective. Hypoxia (0.1% O₂) augmented DVR constriction by Ang II, thus potentially aggravating tissue hypoxia. H/R left DVR unresponsive to sildenafil, yet sGC activation by BAY 60-2770 effectively dilated DVR. Dilation to SNP under H/R is delayed. In conclusion, H/R renders PDE5 inhibition ineffective in dilating the crucial vessels supplying the area at risk for hypoxic damage. Stimulating sGC appears to be the most effective in restoring renal medullary blood flow after H/R and may prove to be the best target for maintaining oxygenation to this vulnerable area of the kidney.     

乙二醇在氧化物增强Pd/C催化剂上的电化学氧化

研究了乙二醇在氧化物CeO2、NiO和Co3O4增强Pd/C催化剂上的碱性溶液中电化学氧化活性,结果显示虽然纯Pd/C催化剂对乙二醇的电化学氧化活性非常低以及抗催化剂毒化作用非常弱,其电化学性能远远比不上Pt/C催化剂。但添加氧化物CeO2、NiO和Co3O4后,Pd/C对乙二醇电化学氧化催化活性和抗毒化能力都得到大幅度提高,甚至超过商业催化剂E-TEKPt/C。三种氧化物增强Pd/C催化剂的电化学活性顺序为Pd-Co3O4(质量比为2︰1,以下同)/C>Pd-NiO(4︰1)/C>Pd-CeO2(1.3︰1)/C。     

超导磁体脉冲冲击下MOV的破坏特性微观分析

为了将氧化锌电阻阀片(MOV)用于超导磁体的保护,研究了MOV在高温超导磁体产生的脉冲下的冲击破坏过程中的电气特性变化;还通过破坏后MOV的金相分析、SEM微观分析以及成分分析,研究了MOV破坏前后的微观特性的变化;最后讨论了MOV在超导磁体脉冲破坏下的机理,并针对MOV用于在超导磁体保护提出了改进建议,认为保护用阀片应该采取低压大通流氧化锌压敏陶瓷材料,且应该在配方确定的基础上,探索先进的工艺技术改善阀片的性能。     

Al掺杂对锰酸锂结构与性能的影响

采用固相法合成了Al掺杂的尖晶石LiAlxMn2-xO4(x=0～0.4).通过X射线衍射对LiAlxMn2-xO4的物相进行了研究,并探讨了Al掺杂对材料的充放电性能和电子电导率的影响.合成的LiAlxMn2-xO4均为纯尖晶石相.随着Al的掺入,LiAlxMn2-xO4的充放电循环性能得到改善,Al含量越高,循环过程中的容量衰减越小.电子电导率测试结果表明:掺杂Al后,降低了材料的电子电导率,这与Al的掺入降低了晶体中电子的离域作用有关.     

氧化锌避雷器在线监测方法的研究

基波电压产生的基波阻性电流ir和三次阻性电流i3r可以反应MOA的运行状况。改进的容性电流补偿法可有效去除全电流中的容性电流,但全电流中仍存在谐波电压产生的阻性电流,影响了ir和i3r的提取精度,特别是i3r的误差较大。为解决此问题,在改进补偿法的基础上,提出了改进容性电流补偿法的修正方法,借助于一等效的线性电阻补偿了部分谐波电压产生的阻性电流,从而减小了谐波电压引起的误差,提高了i3r的提取精度。仿真分析表明,修正后i3r的误差减小了一半,验证了此修正方法的有效性,也提高了根据ir和i3r判断MOA故障方法的准确性。     

长期低剂量微波辐照对大鼠血小板的L-精氨酸/NO系统的影响

目的:研究长期低剂量微波对大鼠血小板左旋精氨酸/一氧化氮(L-arginine nitric oxide pathway,L-Arg/NO)系统的影响,为长期暴露于低剂微波下血小板功能的影响提供实验依据.方法:采用峰值功率为5W/cm2的微波辐照健康成年雄性SD大鼠,1小时/天,连续40天,而后检测辐照后大鼠尾部出血时间、血清NO(nitric oxide)含量、血小板源性NO(platelet-derived nitric oxide,PDNO)含量及血小板一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的变化.结果 微波辐照组与对照组相比,尾部出血时间显著缩短(P＜0.01),血清NO含量、PDNO含量及血小板NOS活性均有非常显著的降低(P＜0.01).结论:长期低剂量微波辐照后NO的抗血小板聚集作用减弱,血小板活化与血小板L-Arg/NO系统功能紊乱有关.     

Function of Graphene Oxide as the “Nanoquencher” for Hg2+ Detection Using an Exonuclease I-Assisted Biosensor

Graphene oxide is well known for its excellent fluorescence quenching ability. In this study, positively charged graphene oxide (pGO25000) was developed as a fluorescence quencher that is water-soluble and synthesized by grafting polyetherimide onto graphene oxide nanosheets by a carbodiimide reaction. Compared to graphene oxide, the fluorescence quenching ability of pGO25000 is significantly improved by the increase in the affinity between pGO25000 and the DNA strand, which is introduced by the additional electrostatic interaction. The FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA probe can be almost completely quenched at concentrations of pGO25000 as low as 0.1 μg/mL. A simple and novel FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA sensor was designed for Hg²⁺ detection to take advantage of exonuclease I-triggered single-stranded DNA hydrolysis, and pGO25000 acted as a fluorescence quencher. The FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA probe is present as a hairpin structure by the formation of T–Hg²⁺–T when Hg²⁺ is present, and no fluorescence is observed. It is digested by exonuclease I without Hg²⁺, and fluorescence is recovered. The fluorescence intensity of the proposed biosensor was positively correlated with the Hg²⁺ concentration in the range of 0–250 nM (R² = 0.9955), with a seasonable limit of detection (3σ) cal. 3.93 nM. It was successfully applied to real samples of pond water for Hg²⁺ detection, obtaining a recovery rate from 99.6% to 101.1%.     

Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.