稠油化学降粘技术研究进展

综述了稠油开采、集输和管道输送中使用的化学降粘剂（主要是油溶性聚合物降粘剂）及化学降粘技术。这是国内外研究、开发均很少的一个领域。全文除前言外包括以下四大论题。①油溶性降粘剂降粘技术：原理,降粘剂结构特点及国内油田应用于稠油井采油的一个实例。②油溶性降粘剂：发展简史,结构类型（主要为共聚物降粘剂）及国内外现场应用的11种商品降粘剂（10种用于长距离管输,1种用于稠油井生产）。③在我国油田的应用问题：集输,水乳化降粘（使用水溶性乳化剂）,作为辅助手段的油溶性降粘剂,稠油改质降粘。④研究中存在的问题与方向：油溶性降粘剂的作用机理及合成中的新思路,适当结构的降粘剂与表面活性剂的复配,化学降粘的局限性。参考文献63条。     

碱法造纸黑液驱油研究

在玻璃细珠充填柱人造岩心模型上进行了碱法造纸黑液驱替稠油的实验研究，考察了稠油酸值、盐、温度、岩心渗透率、注入量和注入方式的影响。在实验条件下碱法造纸黑液驱稠油的采收率较水驱提高２５％     

Viscous dissipation effect on entropy generation for non-Newtonian fluids in microchannels

An analytical study on the viscous dissipation effect on entropy generation in fully developed forced convection for single phase non-Newtonian fluid flow in circular microchannels is reported. In the first-law analysis, closed form solutions of the temperature distributions in the radial direction for the models with and without viscous dissipation term in the energy equation are obtained. In the second-law analysis, the two models are compared by analyzing their relative deviations in dimensionless entropy generation and Bejan number for different Brinkman number and power-law index. The findings show that under certain conditions the viscous dissipation effect on entropy generation in microchannels is significant and should not be neglected.     

A multi-scale model for solute transport in a wavy-walled channel

This paper concerns steady flow and solute uptake in a wavy-walled channel, where the wavelength and amplitude of the wall are comparable to each other but are much shorter than the width of the channel. The problem has two primary asymptotic regions: a core region where the walls appear flat at leading order and a wall region where there is full interaction between advection, diffusion and uptake at the wavy wall. For weak wall uptake, the effective uptake from the core is shown to increase with wall waviness in proportion to surface area, whereas for stronger wall uptake, it is found that the uptake from the core can be reduced as the wall amplitude increases. Conditions are identified under which this approximation is uniformly valid in a full channel flow, accounting for inlet conditions, and a comprehensive survey of the asymptotic distributions of solute both along and across the channel is provided. It is also shown how this multiscale approach can readily be extended to account for channel walls with multiple lengthscales of spatial variation.     

辽河油田稠油井套管损坏原因的初步分析

注蒸汽开采稠油是当前应用最广泛、效益较高的稠油开采技术,但高温下套管的寿命是至关紧要的问题。文中收集了辽河油田194口损坏井的情况,分析了稠油热采井损坏的原因;并用套管试样,进行了井内温度的模拟试验研究,最后提出了综合防治套管损坏的建议。     

复配原油破乳剂研究

实验测定了滨州化工厂生产的15种商品破乳剂对胜利滨南一矿含水（60％）稠油的脱水效果,除去脱水率不高或原本为复配剂的共5种,将其余10种单一组分破乳剂一对一等量复配,组成45个二元复配物,测定了它们对稠油的脱水率,得到了脱水效果最好的复配组TA－1031＋AE－9001,加量100mg/L时60度,90min脱水率高达99．0％,超过单剂最高脱水率（88．9％）,最优化实验结果为：TA－1031与AE－9901配比1：2,总加量100mg/L,脱水温度55度,90min脱水率98．3％。     

Viscous and elastic properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) melts filled with silica nanoparticles

In this paper it is shown that elastic properties of a poly(methyl methacrylate) melt in the linear range of deformation are more significantly influenced by the addition of silica nanoparticles than viscous ones. The effect is the strongest in the steady-state which is reached at several thousand seconds. That is the reason why the often used dynamic-mechanical experiments are not a very suitable method for investigations of that kind. Therefore, creep and creep-recovery tests were applied for the characterisation of the filled materials. The linear steady-state recoverable compliances following from the recovery experiments increase by a factor of 6 at the highest measured volume content of 2.1%. This finding is explained by the existence of long retardation times in the filled materials resulting from interactions between the fillers and matrix molecules attached to their surfaces which reduce their molecular mobility. Retardation spectra calculated from the recovery curves quantify these assumptions. The model is supported by the experimental finding that the recoverable compliance becomes smaller above a certain stress applied and approaches that of the matrix as such a behaviour could be explained by a detachment of the molecules from the particle surface. The paper demonstrates that investigations of elastic properties of nanoparticle filled polymers in the molten state at long experimental times are a very sensitive tool to get an insight into interactions between particles and macromolecules of such systems.     

Quasi-static compressive strength of cement-based materials

Wet cementitious materials show a noticeable dependence on the rate of quasi-static loading. While dry cementitious materials are almost independent of loading rate in the quasi-static region, the mechanical strength of wet materials increases with increasing rate of loading. Therefore, the Abrams' formula for the static mechanical strength cannot provide reliable values with wet materials at higher rates and should be corrected. Some possibilities for its improvement have been discussed.     

随机多孔介质中的不混溶驱替

对随机多孔介质中粘滞指进的分形性质进行研究,建立正方网格来模拟多孔介质中润湿流体的侵入和流动,运用决定论模型进行研究。结果表明,多孔介质的几何拓扑强烈地影响了粘滞指进的结构和驱替过程。粘滞指进图像扫及面积随着迭代次数n的增加而增大。增加迭代次数n和网格尺寸,会导致驱扫效率E的增大。     

一种二维不可压粘性流动的求解方法

本文采用边界元法求解二维不可压粘性流动的Ω-ψ方程。通过适当的数学推导,导出了关于流函数ψ。涡量ω的边界积分方程,并把它们在区域边界上离散,求解。二维扩张管道的计算结果表明,这是一种较优越的求解二维粘性流动的方法。