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971.
垂直梯度凝固法(VGF)生长的低位错半绝缘(SI) GaAs单晶存在电阻率和迁移率低、电学补偿度小、均匀性差等问题. 在3种不同温度条件下,对VGF-SI-GaAs晶片进行了加As压的闭管退火处理. 结果表明,经过1160℃/12h的高温退火处理后,VGF-SI-GaAs单晶的电阻率、迁移率和均匀性均得到了显著提高. 利用Hall、热激电流谱(TSC) 、红外吸收法分别测试分析了原生和退火VGF-SI-GaAs单晶样品的电学性质、深能级缺陷、EL2浓度和C浓度,并与常规液封直拉法(LEC) SI-GaAs单晶样品进行了比较. 原生VGF-SI-GaAs单晶中的EL2浓度明显低于LEC-SI-GaAs单晶,经过退火处理后其EL2浓度显著增加,电学补偿增强,而且能级较浅的一些缺陷的浓度降低,因而有效提高了其电学性能. 相似文献
972.
973.
Ruhul Amin Chengtian Lin Jubo Peng Katja Weichert Tolga Acartürk Ulrich Starke Joachim Maier 《Advanced functional materials》2009,19(11):1697-1704
Single crystals of silicon doped LiFePO4 with a silicon content of 1% are grown successfully by the floating zone technique and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrates the presence of only Fe2+; no traces of Fe3+ are found. Impedance spectroscopy as well as step‐function polarization/depolarization (DC) measurements are carried out using the cells Ti/LiFe(Si)PO4/Ti and LiAl/LiI/LiFe(Si)PO4/LiI/LiAl. The electronic and ionic conductivities as well as the Li‐diffusivity of the sample in the major crystallographic directions ([h00], [0k0], and [00l]) are determined. Within experimental error the transport properties along the b‐ and c‐axes are found to be the same but differ significantly from the a‐axis, which exhibits lower values. Compared to undoped LiFePO4, Si‐doping leads to an increase of the ionic conductivity while the electronic conductivity decreases, which is in agreement with a donor effect. The activation energies of conductivities and diffusivities are interpreted in terms of defect chemistry and relevant Brouwer diagrams are given. 相似文献
974.
975.
钢轨表面擦伤检测是保障铁路运输安全的重要手段之一。应用图像处理和模式识别技术来处理钢轨数字图像,检测并定位擦伤区域是一种可行且发展迅速的研究手段。课题组在前期工作中提出了一种鲁棒实时的钢轨表面擦伤检测算法,该算法首先对钢轨图像进行灰度对比度增强,在此基础上定位可疑擦伤区域并进行判定。算法对于常规擦伤图像具有较高的检测性能,但对于钢轨图像包含多处擦伤且擦伤区域灰度值差异较大的情况,往往造成漏检。针对原算法的不足,提出了一种基于空间滤波的钢轨表面擦伤检测改进算法,该算法对原算法检测到的擦伤区域进行钢轨灰度图均值填充,并对填充后的图像进行二次检测,在重新生成的灰度对比度图中,原检测图像中灰度值不明显的擦伤区域的灰度对比度值得到增强,从而增加了检出的可能性。经实验结果验证,改进算法具有较高的检测性能:在总的时间耗费没有明显增加的情况下,检测的平均准确率为90.8%,平均漏检率为4.0%,较原算法有较大改善。 相似文献
976.
977.
软件缺陷数据的分析方法及其实现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
软件缺陷数据的分析对于软件质量保证、项目管理和过程改进具有重要的意义,但目前的缺陷管理工具的数据分析功能普遍比较薄弱.本文首先分析了软件缺陷属性数据的类型,在此基础上阐述了软件缺陷数据分析的基本方法,包括一元数据分析和多元数据分析.最后讨论了实现软件缺陷数据分析方法所涉及到的几个关键技术. 相似文献
978.
Lionel Briand Yong-Mi Kim Walclio Melo Carolyn Seaman Victor R. Basili 《Journal of Software: Evolution and Process》1998,10(4):249-278
In this paper, we propose a qualitative, inductive method for characterizing and evaluating software maintenance processes, thereby identifying their specific problems and needs. This method encompasses a set of procedures which attempt to determine causal links between maintenance problems and flaws in the maintenance organization and process. This allows for a set of concrete steps to be taken for maintenance quality and productivity improvement, based on a tangible understanding of the relevant maintenance issues in a particular maintenance environment. Moreover, this understanding provides a solid basis on which to define relevant software maintenance models and measures. A case study of the application of this method, called Q-MOPP, is presented to further illustrate its feasibility and benefits. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
979.
Atsushi Kimura Yukio Magariyama Akihiro Miyanoshita Taro Imamura Kumiko Shichiri Tomohiro Masuda Yuji Wada 《Journal of food science》2014,79(2):S246-S250
This study explores the impact that scientific information about insect contamination of food has on consumer perceptions. Participants (n = 320, Japanese consumers) were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 information‐type conditions: (1) information about insect type, (2) information about contamination processes, (3) information about the safety of contaminated food, (4, 5, 6) combinations of 2 of (1), (2), and (3) above, (7) all information, and (8) no‐information, and asked to rate their valuation, behavioral intention, and attitude toward food with insect contamination. Results demonstrated that some combinations of scientific information that include the safety of the contaminated food are effective to reduce consumers’ compulsive rejection of insect contamination in food, whereas the single presentation of information about insect type increases consumers’ explicit rejection of both the contaminated product and the manufacturer. These findings have implications for the coordination of risk communication strategies. 相似文献
980.
The kinetics and mechanism of iron sulfidation have been studied as a function of temperature (950–1200 K) and sulfur pressure (10–3-0.065 atm). It has been stated that a compact Fe1–yS scale on iron grows according to the parabolic rate law as a result of outward lattice diffusion of metal ions through cation vacancies. The activation energy of sulfidation increases with sulfur pressure and the 1/n exponent increases with temperature. This nontypical dependence of iron sulfidation kinetics on temperature and pressure results from the analogous effect of both these parameters on defect concentration in ferrous sulfide. The chemical diffusion coefficients,DFeS, and diffusion coefficients of defects, Dd, in ferrous sulfide have been calculated on the basis of parabolic rate contacts of iron sulfidation and deviations from stoichiometry in ferrous sulfide. It has been shown thatDFeS is practically independent of cation vacancy concentration whereas the diffusion coefficient of defects depends strongly on that parameter. A comparison of self-diffusion coefficients of iron in Fe1–yS calculated from the kinetics of iron sulfidation to those obtained from radioisotopic studies indicates that within the range studied of temperatures and sulfur vapor pressures the outward diffusion of iron across the scale occurs preferentially along the c axis of columnar ferrous sulfide crystals. 相似文献